Chii masvosve: marudzi akasiyana-siyana haamboregi kushamisa

Iye munyori wechinyorwa
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5 min. yekuverenga

Zvisikwa zvakagadzira zvipembenene zvinoshamisa - masvosve. Zvipembenene zviduku zvinosiyaniswa nehukuru hwadzo hwekushanda. Zvimwe zvacho zvinobatsira. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa mumagadheni. Rudzi rumwe norumwe rune maumbirwo ayo, ruvara, uye maitiro.

Tsanangudzo uye basa rezvipembenene

Kunyangwe marudzi acho achisiyana pakudya, mararamiro, uye chitarisiko, pane chinhu chimwe chete chavanofanana vese. Izvi zvipembenene zvakangwara zvinogara mukoloni yakarongeka, umo nhengo imwe neimwe ine basa chairo.

Masvosve akaoma kuverenga. Huwandu hwevanhu huri kuramba huchichinja, vatsva vanoonekwa, uye vamwe vanofa. Ivo nemabasa avo kubatsirwa:

  • sunungura ivhu;
  • kutamisa mbeu;
  • pfumisa ivhu.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana

Maererano nekufungidzira kwakasiyana-siyana, anenge 300 marudzi ezvipembenene anogara muRussia. Asi masvosve haasi nyore kuverenga; anogara achichinja uye mahybrids anoonekwa. Kune vanhu vakawanda vasina kujairika vanogara kune dzimwe nyika nemakondinendi.

mujuru waFarao
Vanhu vanoshanda vane ruvara rweyero. Hakuna mapapiro. Vanhukadzi vane ruvara rweyero-ruvara, uye varume vatema. Varume vane mapapiro. Ukuru hwevarume hunenge 3,5 mm, uye vakadzi vanosvika 4,5 mm. Zvipembenene zvinosarudza nzvimbo dzine rima, dzakanyorova. Musiyano mukuru kubva kuhama kukwirana mumatendere. Iyi imhando yesvosve rinogara mudzimba nemudzimba. Maparasite anowanzogara mumidziyo yemumba uye kumashure kwewallpaper. Vanodya tsvina yezvokudya, makushe, uye ganda. Masvosve ane ngozi nekuti anogona kutapurira polio.
meadow ant
Hukuru hwechipembenene hunogona kubva pa5 kusvika ku13 mm. Ruvara rwakatsvuka. Varume vane mvere dzvuku pamiviri yavo. Chipfuva chakashongedzwa nechivara chitema. Zvipembenene hazvityi kutonhora kwemamiriro okunze. Habitats: meadows, clearings, mipendero yenyika dzeEurope. Kudya kunosanganisira huchi (zvinotapira zveaphid) uye zvakasara zvezvipembenene zvakafa. Makonye anodya tumbuyu mhenyu. Imwe yesvosve inogona kuve ne50-70 zviuru zvevanhu. Hadzisi njodzi kuvanhu. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, allergic reaction kubva pakurumwa inoitika.
Anokohwa Ant
Iyi yakasiyana-siyana inofarira nzvimbo dzakaoma, dzinopisa. Saizi inosiyana pakati pe4-16 mm. Mhuri iyi inosvika vanhu 5000 XNUMX, mambokadzi mumwe chete, vakadzi vakati wandei vasina mbereko. Iyo anthill inogona kuwanikwa muvhu pakadzika kwemamita akati wandei. Nzvimbo dzakadaro pamusoro pepamusoro dzinoratidzwa nekamurwi kadiki. Kudya kunosanganisira zviyo uye michero yakaoma yemiti. Vanodya mbeu dzakadonha chete, vasingakuvadzi goho.
dzvuku svosve resango
Zvipembenene zvinogara kuchamhembe kweEurasia. Saizi yevanhu vari kubva 7 kusvika 14 mm. Ruvara rwakatsvuka-ruvara. Kuburitswa kwehuturu hwemasvosve ane acid kunobva mugland iri padumbu. Masvosve anodya tsvina yezvirimwa, huchi, uye zvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana. Kutenda kwavari, zvinomera zvakapararira kune ndima itsva. Zvipembenene zvinodzivirirawo kuwanda kwezvipembenene zvakanyanya. Mhando iyi yakanyorwa muRed Book.
mujuru webindu
Inonyanya kuzivikanwa yakasiyana-siyana muRussia. Uyewo anogara muAsia, Europe, North America. Saizi kubva 3 kusvika 5 mm. Iyo chibereko inogona kusvika 1 cm kureba. Ruvara runogona kubva kune dema kusvika kune dema. Kudya kwezvipembenene kunosanganisira secretions inotapira, zvipembenene zvipenyu uye zvakafa, michero uye nekita. Masvosve emubindu matema anogona kunzi tupukanana, sezvo vamwe vavo ari maaphid uye tumbuyu. Kuruma kunorwadza kuvanhu, asi hakukuvadzi.
Muvezi svosve
Zita rechipiri ndi camponotus. Kune marudzi angangoita 1000. Vanogara pasi rose. Nest nzvimbo zvigutsa nemiti mipenyu. Kunyangwe iwe unogona kusangana navo kunyangwe mugwenga. Ruvara nekukura zvinokanganiswa nerudzi rwechipembenene. Zvipembenene zvine njodzi kumasango nedzimba dzematanda. Zvipembenene zviri mushishi kutsenga mabukira nematanda. Matanda, matanda, fenicha, uye zvokuvakisa zvinoshanduka kuva marara.
Amazon Ant
Habitats: kuchamhembe kweEurasia neNorth America. MuRussia, Amazons akagara kuSiberia, Far East uye kumaodzanyemba kwenyika. Hukuru hwemajuru hunosvika 10 mm. Ruvara runosiyana kubva kune dzvuku kusvika kune rima uye dema. Havaisi njodzi kuvanhu. Musiyano uripo pakati perudzi urwu kusavapo kwevanhu vanoshanda. Kushaikwa uku kunoripwa nekupambwa kwevana vevamwe vanhu. Kazhinji vanowirwa nenjodzi imhuka dzesango. Kurongeka kwekoroni itsva zvakare hakuna kujairika. Hadzi yakaberekeswa inotora masvosve, ichiuraya mambokadzi uye yotora nzvimbo yake.
Bulldog Ant
Zita racho rinobva pakuti zvipembenene zvine shaya dzinosiyanisa. Habitat: Australia, New Zealand neNew Caledonia. Mabulldog ane maziso makuru, akabudikira. Kukura kwemuviri kunosvika 30 mm. Rudzi runogona kuva dema, dema, tsvuku tsvuku, orenji. Zvipembenene zvinogona kusvetuka, izvo zvisingawanzoitiki pakati pehama dzavo. Vanodya mavu nenyuchi. Masvosve haazorambi kudya muto unotapira wezvirimwa. Kurumwa kunokonzera kurwadziwa kwakanyanya kunopera mukati mevhiki. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, kukanganisa kwakanyanya kweallergic kunogona kuuraya.
Leafcutter svosve
Kukura kwemuviri kusvika masendimita maviri. Habitat: chikamu chekumaodzanyemba kweU.SA neNorth America. Vanorima howa mumasvosve. Zita racho rinobva pakuita kwayo kutema mashizha nemaruva wozoaendesa kudendere. Kuruma hakukuvadzi kuvanhu. Vanorwara neallergy vanogona kusangana nemaitiro ega uye kutsvuka. Vanocheka mashizha idambudziko guru mumagadheni. Mukati mezuva, zvipembenene zvinokwanisa kucheka maruva ose nemashizha.
Bullet Ant
Mhuka dzine ngozi zvikuru pakati pedzimwe dzose. Muchetura unotyisa uye unokonzera kurwadziwa kwakanyanya, kuyeuchidza ronda rebara. Marwadzo anopfuurira kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana. Habitats: masango ane hunyoro uye anopisa eSouth neCentral America. Kureba kwemuviri kubva pa 24 kusvika 1,8 cm Ruvara rwebrown-black. Kudya kunosanganisira zvipembenene zvipenyu uye zvakafa uye zvipembenene zviduku. Masvosve anokwanisa kurwisa munhu kana achinge atyisidzira upenyu.
Tsvuku dzvuku remoto
Muchetura wechepfu hausi wepasi pane wemujuru. Kuruma kunokonzera kunzwa kupisa. Pakutanga, mhuka iyi yaingoonekwa muBrazil chete. Parizvino, nzvimbo dzekugara iAustralia, New Zealand, China, uye USA. Kureba kwemuviri kubva pa2 kusvika ku6 mm. Ruvara rwakatsvuka-ruvara. Dzinodya mhuka nezvinomera. Masvosve ane hasha. Vane simba rekuparadza zvipenyu zvizhinji.
Uto musoja wesvosve
Mhuka iyi inonzi nomadic. Habitats: bheseni reAfrica, Asia neAmazon. Kureba kwemuviri kunosvika 15 mm. Ruvara rwakasviba dzvuku. Mambokadzi weuto musoja svosve ane hukuru hukuru - masendimita 5. Zita racho rinosanganiswa nemaitiro ekuita - kusavapo kwematendere echigarire. Vanofamba-famba nguva dzose, vachimira chete kuti varoorane. Chimiro chedenderedzwa chine miviri yakabatana neshaya. Zvipembenene zvinoisa njodzi kuvanhu nemhuka huru. Mapofu uye vanorwisa munhu wese zvisina tsarukano. Vanogona kubvarura bhiza.
Huchi Ant
Chinhu chemhando iyi kugona kuchengetedza hombe dzehuchi uye muto mudumbu. Izvi zvinovabvumira kurarama mumagwenga uye semi-renje. Rimwe boka rine majuru kubva ku100 kusvika kumamiriyoni akati wandei, anodzorwa namambokadzi. Inenge 1000 kg yeuchi inogona kusvinwa kubva mutumbuyu 0,4.
Yellow inopenga svosve
Zita racho rinobatanidzwa nekuita bongozozo kwechipembenene. Kureba kwemuviri hakupfuuri 4 mm. Ruvara rweyero-ruvara. Africa inoonekwa senyika yayo. Zvisinei, iye zvino majuru anogara pazvitsuwa zvegungwa reIndia nePacific. Zvipembenene zvinowanzobatanidza ma supercolonies kuita mubatanidzwa. Chimwe nechimwe chikamu chine vashandi vayo uye mambokadzi. Asi hapana makwikwi pakati pavo. Vanoda kushandira pamwe uye kubatsira mukutora ndima itsva.

mhedziso

Kusvika pari zvino, masayendisiti aongorora marudzi anenge 4000 260 emajuru. Kune XNUMX marudzi muRussia. Mhando imwe neimwe yakasiyana uye yakasiyana. Majuru mazhinji haakuvadzi zvachose. Asi kusangana nezvimwe zvinogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro yakakomba uye kunyange rufu.

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