Varroa mite control: nzira dzechinyakare uye dzekuyedza dzekugadzirisa mikoko nekurapa nyuchi
Varroatosis chirwere chinotyisa chenyuchi, pasina kurapwa kwemwaka miviri kana mitatu, inogona kutungamirira mukuparara kwehuputi. Yakadanwa neVarroa destructor mite. Chipembenene ichi chinokonzeresa kudonha kwenyuchi, kurasika kwemapapiro, nezvimwe zvakawanda zvakashata, kusanganisira kutapukirwa nehutachiona nehutachiona, zvinozopedzisira zvauraya boka rose. Varroosis, zvisinei, hachisi chinhu chitsva nekuti vapfuri nyuchi vanga vachirwisa kubva kuma1980. Ichi chinyorwa chiri pamusoro pekurapwa kwenyuchi kubva kune varroatosis.
Zviri mukati
- Varroatosis yenyuchi: maitiro ehosha
- Nzira dzekuongorora varroatosis
- Kushandiswa kwemakemikari, iyo mwedzi iyo mishonga inofanira kushandiswa mukurwisana nenyuchi
- Formanins: bipin, anitraz, tactin
- Varroatosis yenyuchi: kurapwa nemishonga yevanhu
- Mitoo yokunyama
- Zootechnical nzira dzekurwisa varroatosis
- Migumisiro yenyuchi
- Kudzivirira zvikwekwe munyuchi
Varroatosis yenyuchi: maitiro ehosha
Inobata zvose nyuchi dzakura uye makonye. Pakutanga kwechirwere, hapana zviratidzo, saka vapfuri venyuchi havafungi chero chinhu.
Nyuchi dzinotapukirwa ne mite hibernate zvakashata, dzinomuka nguva isati yasvika uye dziite zvisina kugadzikana, usaite pungwe. Vanowanzo kudyisa uye pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu aya vanogona kutambura nemanyoka.
Kuonekwa kwechikwekwe: mufananidzo
Nzira uye nzira dzekutapurira nyuchi nechikwekwe
Kupararira kwevarroatosis pakati peapiaries kunofambiswa ne:
- kubiwa kwenyuchi kubva kumakoroni akasimba uye ane hutano, kurwiswa kwemakoroni asina simba uye anorwara;
- nyuchi dzinobhururuka pakati pemikoko;
- drone dzinobhururuka dzichienda kune mimwe mikoko;
- utachiona hunofamba huzhinji;
- kutengeserana nemahosi nyuchi;
- kushamwaridzana kwemambokadzi uye drones panguva yekukwira ndege;
- muchengeti wenyuchi kana achishanda muapiyari, semuenzaniso, nekuendesa mizinga ine vana vane utachiona kuenda kumakoroni ane hutano;
- tupukanana nenyuchi nematendere enyuchi, semavu, ayo anowanzobira huchi mumikoko.
Chirwere chacho chinokura sei?
Munyuchi ine utachiona, zvinotevera zvinoonekwa:
- kuderedza uremu ne5-25%;
- kuderedzwa kwehupenyu ne4-68%;
- kukura kwenyuchi kunovhiringidzwawo.
General mhedzisiro yekudyisa Varroa destructor pavana:
- kupfupika kwedumbu;
- kuderera kwemapapiro;
- kufa kwevana.
Kukura kwezvipembenene pavana kunokonzera kutyora kwemetamorphosis, zvakakosha kukura anomalies inowanikwa munyuchi dzine utachiona. Nechikonzero ichi, nyuchi dzine hutano dzinodzikanda kunze kwemukoko mushure memazuva mashoma.
Kuti chirwere chinozviratidza sei zviratidzo zvekliniki mufananidzo
Mapoka enyuchi ane utachiona anova "ane usimbe", uye basa remhuri harina basa.
Kuoma mitezo kuduku kunonetesa mhuri zvakanyanya uye kunoderedza zvakanyanya kubereka kwayo.
Kushaikwa kwezviratidzo uku kunowanzonyaradza vapfuri nyuchi vasingatange mishonga yemhuri. Huwandu hwemaparasite hunozokura zvakasununguka. Mukadzi Varroa anoparadza uye mwana wake anokuvadza vana. Kunyange zvazvo kune vana vakawanda mumhuri, zviratidzo zvevarroatosis hazvioneki. Mune ramangwana, mhuri inopera simba, kazhinji inoguma nekuparara kwemhuri kana nyuchi dzichisiya mukoko.
Nzira dzekuongorora varroatosis
Kuongororwa kweapiyari yekuvapo kweVarroa destructor muchirimo uye pakupera kwemwaka wekukohwa kunosanganisira:
- kuongorora vana, kunyanya drone brood;
- mumwaka, kutarisa vana vachikandwa kunze kwemukoko uye kufa kwenyuchi;
- panguva yekuyerera uchi, vanoongorora chibereko nenyuchi pamizinga;
- zvisingaite inovhura gumi nemaviri / akati wandei maseru ane drone brood.
Kungoonekwa kwekutanga kwevarroatosis kusati kwatanga zviratidzo zvekiriniki kunogona kubatsira kuderedza kuputika kweparasitic. Kana iwe uchifungidzira kukura kwevarroatosis, sampuli dzematsutso dzakabatanidzwa dzinofanira kuunganidzwa kubva mumikoko yakawanda uye kutumirwa kuongororo yerabhoritari. Izvi zvinoitwa kusati kwatanga kubhururuka kana pakarepo mushure mekubhururuka, kuitira kuti nyuchi dzisave nenguva yekuchenesa pasi pachavo.
Kushandiswa kwemakemikari, iyo mwedzi iyo mishonga inofanira kushandiswa mukurwisana nenyuchi
Kurwisa utachiona, zvose makemikari uye biological nzira dzinoshandiswa. Migumisiro yakanakisisa inowanikwa apo nzira dzose dziri mbiri dzinoshandiswa panguva imwe chete.
Semuenzaniso, kubvisa drone brood panguva yemwaka kunogona kuderedza huwandu hwehutachiona mumukoko neinopfuura 60%. Munguva yemwaka, kushandiswa kwe-organic acids, senge formic acids, kunogamuchirwawo, asi kune maonero akawanda uye akawanda ekuti vane simba rakaipa pane zvipenyu zvenyuchi.
Kushandiswa kwekugadzirira kwekugadzira kunobvumirwa chete panguva isina kunyunguduka, kuitira kuti mishonga inoshandiswa kubva kwavari irege kupinda muhuchi hunopedzwa.
Formanins: bipin, anitraz, tactin
Mishonga imwechete inoshanda inopesana nevarroatosis, asi fomu rekuburitsa rakasiyana:
- Bipin - iyo inoshanda chinhu amitraz, inowanikwa mune ampoules. Usati washandiswa, inoderedzwa pa litre yemvura - 0,5 ml yechinhu. Kugadziriswa kunoitwa mushure mekunge uchi hwadhonzwa uye nyuchi dzisati dzapinda muchando.
- Anitraz - inowanikwa nenzira yepfapfaidzo, mushure mekurapa, mhedzisiro yacho inopfuurira kwemwedzi miviri.
- Tactin chinhu chinoshanda cheamitraz. Kugadziriswa kwemikoko kunoitwa zvakare mukudonha.
Varroatosis yenyuchi: kurapwa nemishonga yevanhu
Kurapa kwevarroatosis yenyuchi, mishonga yevanhu inoshandiswa zvinobudirira. Vazhinji vachengeti venyuchi vanovapa zvavanoda nekuda kwekuchengeteka uye kusavapo kwemiganhu yenguva panguva yechiitiko.
| Zvinodhaka | Kushanda |
|---|---|
| Formic acid | Nyuchi yenyuchi pachayo inobudisa iyi asidi muchikamu chiduku, saka inobvumirwa zvakanaka nezvipembenene. Kune zvikwekwe, zvinoparadza. Mamiriro okunze anodziya anodiwa pakugadzirisa, apo tembiricha yemhepo inenge 25 ℃. Inenge 100% asidhi inoshandiswa. Oxalic acid inogona kushandiswa nenzira mbiri: Saturate mahwendefa akagadzirwa nekadhibhodhi kana huni ane asidi, uye aiputire ne cellophane, umo maburi anogadzirwa. Rongai mumukoko pamafuremu. Isai tambo mumidziyo miduku yegirazi uye mudururire maasidhi. Asidhi inofanira kubuda uye kuuraya tsikidzi dzemubhedha. Tambo dzinoturikwa mumukoko padivi pemafuremu. |
| Oxalic acid | Oxalic acid inogona kushandiswa nenzira mbiri: Mvura yakabikwa, yakanyoroveswa kusvika ku30 ℃, inonatswa ne2% asidhi mhinduro, inodururwa mubhodhoro rekupfapfaidza uye yakapfapfaidza pane imwe neimwe furemu. Kugadziriswa kunoitwa ka4 pamwaka pane tembiricha yemhepo inopfuura 15 ℃. Vanogadzira pfuti dzehutsi, shandisa 2g yeasidhi kune gumi nemaviri mafuremu. Kurapa kunofanirwa kuitwa mukutanga kwechirimo, kana mite isati yapararira, asi tembiricha yemhepo inofanira kunge iri 12 ℃. |
| Lactic acid | Lactic acid, inogadzirwa nekuviriswa kweshuga, ndiyo imwe yenzira dzakanakisa dzekurwisa varroa mite. Mukuwedzera, inokurudzira kudzivirirwa kwenyuchi, inobatsira pakuvandudzwa kwemuviri wavo. Kugadzirira 10% mhinduro yelactic acid, mvura yakabikwa inoshandiswa, yakanyoroveswa kusvika ku30. Mushonga unodururwa mu sprayer uye furemu imwe neimwe mumukoko inoputirwa pakona ye 45 degrees kubva kure ne 30-40 cm. Uye zvakare mumatsutso, munaSeptember, mushure mekuunganidza uchi. |
| Shuga manyuchi | Gadzirira sirasi yeshuga: 1 chikamu chemvura uye 1 chikamu shuga. Wedzera 1 ml yeremoni essence kune rimwe girasi resirasi. Dururira mushonga mubhodhoro rekupfapfaidza uye urisase pamafuremu. Processing inoitwa 4 nguva nenguva yevhiki imwe. |
| Capsicum | Geda mhiripiri, dururira mvura inopisa, dhonza mvura mushure mezuva uye uwedzere kune sirasi yeshuga. Per litre ye sirasi ndeye 120 g yepiresi tincture. Vamwe vanowedzera 20 g yepropolis kune iyi mhinduro. Mushonga uyu unopfapfaidzwa nenyuchi katatu pamwaka nepakati pevhiki. |
| Kushandiswa kwehupfu hwepine | Chikwekwe hachibvumi kunhuwa kwetsono uye chinosiya mukoko mukati mezuva rimwe chete. Vanotora hupfu hushoma vodurura muhomwe ye gauze voisa mumukoko. Kune rimwe boka, 50 g yehupfu hweconiferous yakakwana. |
| Thyme | Chirimwa chitsva chinofanira kuvhuniwa uye kuiswa muhombodo ye gauze, yakaiswa pamapuranga, yakafukidzwa ne polyethylene kuitira kuti irege kuoma. Mazuva matatu ega ega zvigadzirwa zvinoda kuchinjwa. Iyi nzira inogona kushandiswa mumwaka wese, asi patembiricha inodarika 3 ℃ haishande. |
| Lavender yakakosha mafuta uye doro 96 | Zvakakosha kutora doro rezvokurapa, kuwedzera madonhwe mashomanana emafuta e lavender kwairi. Musanganiswa uyu unodirwa muevaporator woiswa mumukoko uri pafuremu. Iwe unogona kuzvichengeta kwemavhiki matatu, nguva nenguva uchiwedzera mvura kune evaporator. |
Mitoo yokunyama
Unogona kurwisa chikwekwe nenzira dzenyama, asi hazvikanganise utachiona hwakarwisa vana. Asi kune zvipembenene zvakabatanidzwa nenyuchi dzakura, zvinoshanda zvakanyanya.
Zootechnical nzira dzekurwisa varroatosis
Mite yakawanda inowanikwa mumasero e drone. Kunyanya kwavari, vachengeti venyuchi vanoisa furemu ine mutsara wenheyo yakaderera pakureba kubva kune yese. Nyuchi dzinotanga kugadzira mizinga uye mambokadzi vanoidyara. Kana mizinga iyi yavharwa, inogona kubviswa. Kana iwe ukaiisa mumvura inopisa, ipapo mapere achafa, uye anogona kushandiswa sechipfeko chepamusoro chenyuchi. Iyo furemu inogonawo kushandiswa kana yakashambidzwa nevhiniga.
Sezvo zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nekikwe munyuchi idambudziko rakajairika, vagadziri vakatanga kupa mikoko ine anti-varroatic pasi. Mesh yesimbi yakaiswa mairi, pasi payo pane pallet, inobviswa uye inocheneswa. Iyo pasi yakafukidzwa nemafuta-akanyoroveswa pepa. Chikwekwe chinoputsika uye chinonamira pachiri. Ipapo iwe unongoda kubvisa tireyi, bvisa uye upise pepa nekiti.
Pseudoscorpions madiki arachnids anokura kusvika 5 mm pakureba. Vanogona kunge vari chombo chakanakisa chebiological kurwisa mite munyuchi, uye nekuparadzwa kwezvimwe zvipukanana zvidiki. Kana zvinyavada zvenhema zvichigara mumukoko, saka hazviiti kukuvadza kune nyuchi, uye kunyange kuita shamwari.
Zvisinei, kusvika zvino nhamba yezvinyavada zvenhema inowanikwa mumukoko haikwani kuti iparadze boka rezvikwekwe. Muchina mutsva unodiwa kupfuya zvinyavada zvenhema kunze kwemikoko kuti zviwedzere huwandu hwazvo hwekupinda mumukoko. Muchiitiko ichi, haugoni kushandisa chero makemikari kuparadza varroatosis.
Migumisiro yenyuchi
Kana iwe usingabati Varroatosis kana usingaoni chirwere ichi munguva, ipapo nyuchi dzichafa. Izvo hazvizogoneke kuchengetedza kwete chete swarm imwe chete, asi iyo apiary yese.
Unofanira kutanga kurwisa chikwekwe kubva paunofunga kutora nyuchi.
Kudzivirira zvikwekwe munyuchi
Matanho ekudzivirira anogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mukana wekubatwa kwechikwekwe.
Kana wafunga kutangisa nyuchi, edza kunhonga apiyari panzvimbo inomera zvinomera zvisingafarirwe nekwekwe:
- celandine;
- thyme;
- sagebrush;
- tansy;
- mintini;
- lavender.
Mikoko inofanirwa kuvhenekerwa nezuva. Nharaunda kubva pasi pemukoko kusvika pasi inofanira kunge iine 0 cm uye zvakare anti-varroatic pasi inofanira kurongeka mairi, inova mesh inokosha iyo inotora marara. Nguva nenguva, boka renyuchi rinoda kudyiswa kuitira kuti riwedzere kurwisana kwezvipembenene kune chero zvirwere.
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