Chikwekwe-senge bete: nzira yekusiyanisa ine njodzi "vampires" kubva kune dzimwe tupukanana

Iye munyori wechinyorwa

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11 min. yekuverenga

Munhu asina chaanoziva, achiona chipembenene chinoita sechikwekwe, angachikanganisa separasite ine ngozi. Asi pakati pezvipembenene zvakadaro pane kwete chete bloodsuckers ngozi kuvanhu. Kune mhuka dzinodya zvirimwa chete, kana zvipembenene zvinoruma munhu nechinangwa chekudzivirira. Kunewo zvipembenene zvisingakuvadzi zvinotobatsira zvakasikwa uye vanhu.

Zviri mukati

Zvikwekwe chaiwo zvakaita sei
- Structural features
- Mhando huru dzezvikwekwe
Arthropods uye zvipembenene zvakafanana nezvikwekwe
Kudzivirirwa kubva kune vanopinda uye matanho ekudzivirira

Zvikwekwe chaiwo zvakaita sei

Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga zvisiri izvo kuti chikwekwe chipembenene, asi chaizvoizvo ikirasi yearachnids. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mune mamwe maumbirwo emuviri uye maitiro, mite yakafanana nedandemutande.

Structural features

Hunhu hwemite hunogona kusiyana, zvichienderana nerudzi, asi mazhinji ane zvakafanana chivako maitiro:

saizi kubva 0,2 kusvika 5 mm;
muviri wakaita ovha, convex, dzimwe nguva tapering kumucheto mumwe;
zvikwekwe zvese zvine mapairi mana emakumbo, uye makonye arikukura ane mapeya matatu;
nhengo yechiratidzo haisipo kana kuti isina simba, inotsiviwa ne-sensitive receptors;
bloodsuckers vane shava mumimvuri yakasiyana, uye mhando dzinoita parasitize zvirimwa zvine mavara akajeka: yero, girini, bhuruu uye tsvuku.

Mhando huru dzezvikwekwe

Zvikwekwe ndiro boka rakawandisa rekirasi yavo. Kune anopfuura 54 marudzi eaya arachnids. Iwe unofanirwa kujairana nemhando shoma dzezvipenyu dzinowanikwa kupfuura dzimwe kuitira kuti uzive kana idzi arthropods dzinoisa njodzi kuvanhu.

Type yechikwekwe	Mamiriro
ixodid	Ichi ndicho chipembenene chimwe chete icho vanhu vanosangana nacho munguva yekudziya. Mhuka iyi inogara mumasango, mapaki neuswa hwakakora. Zvose mhuka nevanhu vanova vanyajambwa vayo. Nerubatsiro rwemakumbo marefu emberi, chikwekwe chinonamatira kune mvere dzevagari vemusango kana zvipfeko zvevanhu, uye zvino inofamba ichitenderedza muviri uye, kana ikawana iyo yakanyanya kutetepa nzvimbo yeganda, inotanga kudya.
argasovy	Ropa rinodya ropa rezvipfuwo, shiri, zvipfuyo zviduku nezvikuru, uye dzimwe nguva vanhu. Panzvimbo yehoko, iyo iripo mune mamwe marudzi, ine chifukidziro chakapfava chinofanana neganda. Musoro wechikwekwe uri padyo nemukati memuviri, saka unenge usingaonekwe. Chipembenene ichi chinogona kuwanikwa mumikaha yekuvaka, matendere eshiri nematanga ehuku. Kurumwa kweargasid mite kunorwadza uye kuvava nekuda kwemate ayo ane muchetura.
Gamazovy	Parasite, hukuru hwayo husingapfuuri 2,5 mm. Inonyanya kudya ropa reshiri nemhuka duku, asi inogonawo kuruma vanhu. Chikwekwe chinogara munzvimbo dzinogara mhuka, mumakomba nematendere. Kubva pakurumwa kwayo, shiri dzinogona kukwenya ganda, izvo zvinotungamirira mukurasikirwa neminhenga.
Subcutaneous	Iparasite yakaita sehonye inogara paganda revanhu nedzimwe mhuka dzinoyamwisa. Zviyero zvaro zvinobva 0,2 kusvika 0,5 mm. Mhando iyi ye mite inogara mutsiye, maziso uye sebaceous ducts yeganda (kudya pa sebum). Kuvapo kwevanhu vakati wandei pa 1 cm2 ndizvo zvakajairika, asi kana hutachiona huchiwanda zvakanyanya, mhedzisiro isingadikanwi inogona kuoneka: allergies, acne, blepharitis uye conjunctivitis.
barn	Chipembenene chinodya zviyo, hupfu uye zviyo. Iine muviri unenge wakajeka, saizi - kubva 0,2 kusvika 0,5 mm. Iyi mite inokwanisa kukanganisa zviyo zvakakura. Kana yangopinzwa nechikafu, inogona kukonzera kusawirirana.
gossamer	Iparasite yechirimwa isingakonzere njodzi kuvanhu, mhuka neshiri. Izvi zvipembenene zviduku zvikuru, saizi yavo inenge hafu yemamirimita. Miti iyi inodya muto wechirimwa, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kumapindu, magadheni emukicheni nemaruva emukati. Pamashizha ane utachiona, unogona kuona dandemutande rakatetepa zvikuru rine madotsi matsvuku akawanda, ari mite. Nekuda kwezvipembenene izvi, mashizha emuti wacho zvishoma nezvishoma anooma, uye anogona kufa.
Mvura kana gungwa	Chikara chinogara mumvura yakachena isingayerere, uye dzimwe nguva mumvura ine munyu. Muviri wavo une chimiro chakatenderedzwa, uye makumbo eshure akareba kupfuura mamwe kuti ape kufamba kuri nani mumvura. Vanyajambwa vayo vagari vaduku vanogara mumvura. Chikwekwe chinobaya muviri wemhuka yacho uye chinobaya chepfu chaiyo, yobva yachisveta. Kune vanhu, iyi arachnid yemumvura haikuvadzi.

Mhando dzakanyorwa dzezvikwekwe zvinodya ropa revanhu zvine njodzi, sezvo dzinotakura zvirwere zvakakomba: encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever, denda, typhoid, tularemia, chirwere cheLyme nevamwe.

Arthropods uye zvipembenene zvakafanana nezvikwekwe

Mamwe marudzi ezvipembenene uye arthropods, nekuda kwechitarisiko chavo kana kurumwa kwavo, zvinogona kuvhiringidzwa nezvikwekwe, kunyanya kana ukasangana nazvo kekutanga.

Zvakakosha kusiyanisa imwe parasite kubva kune imwe kuitira kuti uite nayo zvakanaka uye ugone kuzvidzivirira.

Zvimwe zvacho zvinokonzeresa matambudziko akawanda kupfuura zvikwekwe, uye zvimwe, pane zvinopesana, zvinobatsira munhu.

Ntata dzakajairika

Ntata dzinoyamwa ropa dzinobata mhuka nevanhu. Makumbo marefu ekumashure, achiabvumira kusvetuka kusvika paurefu hunosvika mita, asiyane kubva kune mamwe anosveta ropa. Ukuru hwezvipembenene hunoenderana nemhando uye hunogona kubva kubva pa1 kusvika ku5 mm, hukuru hwepamusoro ndeye 10 mm. Muviri wavo une ruvara rwakasvibira. Nhata dzinobva mumugwagwa dzichipinda mufurati remunhu, dziri pamvere dzemhuka kana mbatya, uye dzinopindawo kubva kuvavakidzani. Kusiyana nezvinodavirwa nevakawanda, nhata hadzigari mumvere dzemhuka dzadzo. Vanosvetukira pamhuka kuti vawane chikafu, uye vanosarudza kugara munzvimbo dzakavandika dzefurati, kwavanokandirawo mazai: mupakatsemuka pasi, kuseri kwe plinth, mumabhedha echipfuwo, munzvimbo dzakazara. Kuruma mukati meganda, bloodsuckers vane yakakosha muromo mudziyo. Kurumwa kwezvipembenene izvi kunoratidzika semavara matsvuku ane nzvimbo yakasviba, inoyeuchidza kurumwa neumhutu, inowanikwa kakawanda pedyo. Kukwenya kwakanyanya kunoonekwa panzvimbo yekurumwa. Nhata, sezvikwekwe, inogona kuva vatakuri vezvirwere zvakakomba: denda, anthrax, encephalitis, uye inogonawo kukanganisa ne helminths.

Deer bloodsucker

Deer bloodsucker (elk fly kana elk tick) ine zvimwe zvakafanana nechikwekwe. Munhu anotanga kusangana nazvo anogona kuvhiringa zvipembenene zviviri izvi uye kutofunga kuti kune zvikwekwe zvine mapapiro. Deer bloodsucker, kusiyana nechikwekwe, ipembenene kubva kumhuri yeDiptera. Iwe unogona nyore kusiyanisa nhunzi iyi kubva kune mamwe maparasite kana iwe ukafunda maficha echimiro chayo. Chipembenene chikuru mapapiro maviri akajeka ari pamativi emuviri, saizi yeropa inosvika 5 mm, uye dumbu rayo rinowedzera mushure mekuzara neropa kana panguva yekuzvitakura, nhunzi ine musoro muhombe ine diki antennae, pane nhengo. yekuona, kuvonga kwainosiyanisa mitsetse yezvinhu zvakakura, musuva weropa ane makumbo matanhatu, nepo chikwekwe chine masere. Chipembenene ichi chine nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekugara. Inogona kuwanikwa mumasango umo tsime rayo guru rekudya riripo - mhuka dzesango: nondo, elk, mhembwe, nguruve dzesango, mapere. Anzara ane nzara anogona kurwisa zvipfuyo uye kunyangwe vanhu. Chipembenene ichi chinobhururuka nenzendo pfupi. Pamakumbo ake pane nzwara dzaanobatirira nadzo pamvere dzemakwai kana mvere dzemunhu anenge abatwa. Mushure mekugadzirisa pamuviri, parasite inobvisa mapapiro ayo, saka inova sechikwekwe. Nekubatsirwa kweproboscis yakakosha, nhunzi inobaya ganda uye inonwa ropa. Kuruma kwayo kunobata vanhu nenzira dzakasiyana. Marwadzo uye kukwenya zvinogona kunzwika munzvimbo yakabatwa. Vanhu vane hutachiona vanogona kukura malaise kana dermatitis. Uyewo, chipembenene chinogona kutakura zvirwere zvine ngozi, zvakadai sechirwere cheLyme.

Bedbug

Kana zvikwekwe zvinogona kuwanikwa mumasikirwo, saka nharaunda huru yehupenyu hwezvitsigiro ndeye imba yemunhu. Zvipembenene zvemubhedha zvipembenene zvitanhatu kusvika ku6 mm zvinodya ropa revanhu kana mhuka dzinovaraidza, izvo zvisinganyanyi kuwanda. Hadzikwanisi kubhururuka kana kusvetuka, asi dzinofamba nokukurumidza zvakakwana, dzichipfuura inenge mita muminiti. Muviri weparasite une oval uye brown muruvara, izvo zvinoshanduka kuita dzvuku rakasviba kana tsikidzi yakazara neropa. Iine mapeya matatu emakumbo uye antennae anonzwa pamusoro wayo. Masikati, zvipembenene zvinovanza mufenicha, machira emubhedha uye zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemukati, uye usiku vanoenda kunovhima. Iyo tsikidzi inorwisa zvakarongeka, mushure mekurwiswa kamwe chete munhu anosara aine nhevedzano yekurumwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanhu vakati wandei vanogona kuruma munhu panguva yehusiku. Nzvimbo dzekurumwa dzinowanzotsvuka uye dzinokwenya, uye mune dzimwe nguva kusawirirana kunogona kuitika. Zvakaoma kubvisa zvipembenene izvi, asi tsikidzi yakadyiswa inogona kufa nechiedza chemuviri, saka munhu ari pamubhedha wake mangwanani anogona kuwana zvipembenene izvi zvakafa.

dandemutande rechokwadi

Kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti dandemutande uye mite ndeyekirasi imwechete, zviri nyore kusiyanisa kubva kune mumwe. Maspider echokwadi ndeimwe yemhando dzakawanda kwazvo mukirasi yearachnid. Vane makumbo masere, sezvikwekwe. Mitezo yacho yakareba kudarika muviri. Muviri weconvex une cephalothorax uye dumbu, saizi yaro inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi. Mhungu dzine nhengo yekuona. Zvese zviri zviviri chikwekwe uye dandemutande zvinowana vanobatwa semhedzisiro yekuvhima kusingaite: havadzingi, asi mirira. Sezvaunoziva, kubata chipembenene, dandemutande rechokwadi rinoruka dandemutande. Chitubu chekudya kwavo zvipembenene, marudzi makuru anokwanisa kuvhima shiri, uye anogona kuruma munhu chete nechinangwa chekudzivirira. Maspider madiki anowanikwa mufurati haana njodzi, nekuti haatombokwanisi kuruma neganda, asi hatifanire kukanganwa kuti kunewo vamiriri vane chepfu vekirasi iyi. Mhungu inobatsira zvose zviri zviviri munhu, kubvisa tupukanana mumba make, uye zvisikwa, kudzora kuwanda kwezvipembenene.

bhuku scorpion yenhema

Bhuku renhema scorpion (kubva pakurongeka kwenhema dzenhema) rakafanana nekiti chete pakuti ihwowo mumiririri wekirasi yearachnid. Zvisikwa izvi zvine chitarisiko chinoyemurika nekuda kwemapere ari chikamu chemukanwa, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kusiyanisa kubva kune zvipembenene. Kuti uone scorpion yenhema, unoda girazi rinokudza, nokuti zviyero zvayo hazvipfuuri 4 mm. Iyi arachnid ine oval brown body uye makumbo masere. Mune mamwe marudzi, nhengo yechiratidzo haisipo, mune dzimwe inenge isina simba, saka zvinyavada zvenhema zvine zvinogamuchirwa. Vanogara munzvimbo dzine nhamba yakakwana yezvipembenene zviduku, izvo zvinova zvokudya kwavari. Zvinogona kuwanikwa muzvivako zvekare, matendere uye misha yemhuka, munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa zvinhu zvekare, kwadzisingazovhiringidzwi nevanhu. Kune munhu, bhuku renhema scorpion hariiti chero njodzi, asi rinobatsira. Iyo arachnid inoparadza zvipembenene zviduku: zvipembenene zvinoparadza mabhuku, mabhedha, guruva mite, nezvimwewo.

inda dzemuviri

Inda dzemuviri zvipembenene zvevanhu. Idzi zvipembenene zvine muviri wakajeka oval brown kusvika 6 mm muhukuru. Ane mitezo 6. Zvipembenene zvinorarama kubva pamazuva makumi matatu kusvika ku30. Kusiyana nezvikwekwe, inda idzi hadziparadze munhu, asi dzinomuruma chete. Dzinogara mumirwi nemurwi wembatya, dzinokandira mazai ipapo. Kubva muzvipfeko, inda dzinopinda nyore paganda kuti dziwane ropa rakakwana, izvi zvinoitika kakawanda pazuva. Mudziyo wavo wepamuromo une simbi ine tsono dzinoboora. Mate ane zvinhu zvinodzivirira kugwamba kweropa uye zvinopedza marwadzo. Kurumwa kunoratidzika semaronda, kunogona kupora kwenguva yakareba uye kukwenya zvakanyanya. Unogona kuwana inda dzemuviri kubva kune vamwe vanhu. Aya maparasite anogona kukonzera allergic reaction uye kutakura zvirwere.

Zvipembenene zveGadfly

Nhunzi dzinokandira mazai mumvere dzemhuka, asi dzimwe nguva nhunzi inogona kugadzika magonye pasi peganda remunhu. Gadfly inogona kuwanikwa munyika dzine mamiriro ekunze anopisa. Iyo yakakura gadfly larva ine urefu hunosvika 20 mm, muviri wayo une ruvara rwakareruka. Nguva yekupinda kwayo pasi peganda haina marwadzo uye isingaoneki. Iyo parasite yakanyatsogadziriswa mumatishu emuviri nekuda kweakakosha barbs. Kukudziridza, mhute inodya ropa, ichisunungura zvinhu zvinokonzera marwadzo, nekuda kwekuti munhu anogona kukura myiasis yeganda. Pane zviitiko apo gonye rakapinda muziso reziso, izvo zvakaita kuti kurasikirwa kwekuona. Mushure memwedzi 3-4, chirwere ichi chinosiya muviri wemhuka kana munhu. Mushure mokunge gadfly larva inowanikwa pasi peganda, inobviswa kuvhiyiwa.

Beetle kozheed

Ichi chipembenene chakaita sechipembenene inhengo yehurongwa hweColeoptera. Bete rine muviri wakaita ovha uye kureba 1,3 kusvika 12 mm. Pamusoro muduku wepest pane antennae pfupi. Ruvara rwunoenderana nerudzi. Kusiyana nemite, bete iri rinofarira kupisa kwakanyanya uye hunyoro hushoma. Zvipembenene izvi zvinokonzera kukanganisa kwakakomba, kukuvadza kuunganidzwa kwemu museum. Chikafu chekozheed beetle iganda, fur, mvere, minhenga, mabhuku anosungirwa, zvimwe zvigadzirwa (nyama, cheese). Mhosva kana chipembenene chichiruma munhu hachiwanzoitiki, sezvo bete risiri utachiona hunosveta ropa.

Tupukanana tutsvuku

Kune zviduku zvitsvuku zvitsvuku, munhu anogona kutora imwe yemhando dzemakiti - bheti tsvuku. Kureba kweArthropod ndeye 10 - 15 mm. Muviri wakatsvuka muvara uye wakafukidzwa ne villi. Inowanikwa pasi rose. Iyo red tick haisi parasite yevanhu uye haina kukuvadza. Inogona kudya kudya kwezvirimwa uye kupararisa zvimwe zvipembenene. Chikwekwe chinongoruma munhu kudzivirira. Kana ukapwanya arthropod, inosiya ruvara rutsvuku nekuda kwepigment yavo.

Kudzivirirwa kubva kune vanopinda uye matanho ekudzivirira

Zvipembenene zvinosveta ropa zvinogona kubata munhu nehosha dzakakomba, uye zvipembenene zvinogona kuparadza zvirimwa zvemukati nezvirimwa. Kana iwe ukanyatsobata zvipembenene zvakafanana nezvikwekwe uye zvikwekwe ivo pachavo uye kutora matanho ekudzivirira, unogona kuzvidzivirira.

Kubva kune zvikwekwe zvinoparadzisa vanhu, zvipfeko zvakavharwa zvaunoda kupfeka kuti ufambe mupaki uye musango zvinodzivirira. Nguo dzinofanira kuva dzakareruka kuitira kuti zvikwekwe zvionekwe nyore. Iwe unogona kushandisa nzira dzakakosha kurwisa ropasuckers (repellants) paganda. Mushure mekufamba, unofanirwa kuongorora muviri.
Iwe unogona kudzivirira kutaridzika kweinda dzemuviri kana iwe ukageza zvipfeko zvako nenguva. Kana utachiona huchiri kuoneka, unofanira kugeza mbatya dzako mumvura iri kufashaira kana kubata nezvinhu zvakakosha.
Nhata dziri mumhuka dzinobviswa ne shampoos uye zvine chepfu, izvo zvinofanirwa kutengwa chete muzvitoro zvine hunyanzvi kuitira kuti zvisakuvadza chipfuyo. Kuti udzivirire mhuka kubva pakuonekwa kwezvipembenene, unogona kugara uchipisa jasi.
Kuchenesa guruva muimba kuchabatsira kurwisana neguruva mite. Kuchenesa nguva dzose kunodzivirira kuonekwa kwezvimwe zvipembenene zvakawanda.
Kurwisa zvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana, unogona kuuraya utachiona munzvimbo yacho.
Chirimwa chine tupukanana chinofanira kurapwa nemushonga wezvipembenene. Uyewo, nokuda kwekudzivirira, zvakakosha kubata imba yezhizha kana gadheni nenzira dzakakosha.
Iwe unogona kubvisa zvipembenene kubva mumba neine vacuum cleaner. Bhegi remarara rakashandiswa rinofanira kuburitswa kunze kuitira kuti zvipembenene zvisabude.
Kuti zvipembenene zvisapinde mukamuri, makatsemuka anofanira kuvharwa, uye masikirini nemisungo inonamira inofanira kuiswa pamahwindo.

Kucherechedza hazvina kuoma matanho ekudzivirira, zvichabudirira kudzivirira migumisiro yakakomba yekusangana neropasuckers uye zvipembenene. Useful arachnids zviri nani kusaparadza, nekuti ivo vachabatsirawo kurwisa maparasite.

MitikitiZvikwekwe zvinogara kwenguva yakareba sei pasina chikafu: kuoma kwakadini kune njodzi yeropa mukuramwa nenzara

Zvadaro

MitikitiChikwekwe chinofema sei panguva yekurumwa, kana kuti madiki "vampires" anokwanisa kutadza kufema panguva yekudya.