Meadow tick: chii chiri njodzi yemuvhimi uyu akanyarara, akamirira mhuka yake muuswa

Chii chinonzi mafuro chikwekwe

Mhando yeDermacentor reticulatus ndeyemhuri ye ixodid ticks. MuRussia, inotora nzvimbo inotungamira pakati pezvimwe zvipenyu maererano nehuwandu hwekutapurirana kwezvirwere zvine njodzi kumhuka nevanhu.

Kuonekwa

Kuonekwa kwemeadow tick kwakajairika kune vese vamiriri veixodid:

• saizi yemuviri weparasite ine nzara ndeye 4-5 mm; mushure mekunwa ropa, inowedzera muhukuru ne 1 cm;
• muviri wakatsetseka, wakapfava, une musoro (gnatosomes) uye muviri (idiosomes), muvarume mhedziso yepamberi inopinza kupfuura yevakadzi;
• ruvara rwebrownish, pane inooneka chena pateni kumashure;
• muviri wechikadzi unowedzera elastic uye wakafukidzwa nechinous nhovo chete nechetatu;
• munhu mukuru ane mapeya mana emakumbo, nymphs nemakonye ane 4, paws ane brown ane mitsetse michena yakachinjika;
• kusiyana nemhando zhinji dzezvikwekwe, meadow zvikwekwe zvine maziso, kunyangwe iwo asina kunyatsogadzirwa.

Chimiro chemukati

Nhungamiro yezvipembenene ndeyekare uye inongori neural tube, iyo inomhanya pasi pechidzitiro chepamusoro kubva kumusoro kusvika kune anus yekikiti. 22 nerve endings inobva pachubhu, iyo inodzora kushanda kwemakumbo, proboscis uye nhengo dzomukati.

Basa rekufema rinoitwa nerubatsiro rwetrachea, mapapu haapo. Maburi etracheal anovhurika munzvimbo iri pedyo nemakumbo ekumashure.

Iyo digestive system inewo chimiro chakareruka. Muromo unozaruka uye marara emate anotungamirira kune pharynx, iyo inoshanda sepombi panguva yekudya. Iyo pharynx inovhura mugurokuro, iyo inopinda murectum. 12 mapofu maitiro anobva muura, ayo anozadza neropa panguva yekutora chikafu. Ura hunotungamira kune rectal bladder, iyo inopera mukuvhura rectal.

Hupenyu kutenderera uye kubereka

Kubudirira kwechikwekwe kunoitika mukati megore, kutenderera kwehupenyu kunosanganisira matanho anotevera:

Vanhu vakaparadzaniswa zvakajeka kuva varume nevakadzi. Vane chiyero chepamusoro chekubereka. Miti yakadyiswa chete ndiyo inoberekana. Mukono, wakamwa ropa, unoberekesa hadzi yofa. Hadzi mushure mekudya inosiya muviri wemuridzi uye inokandira mazai. Mukadzi mumwe chete anogona kukandira mazai anosvika mazana mashanu.

Zvisikwa zvine hukama nemorphologically

Muchitarisiko, meadow mite inonyanya kufanana neDermacentor daghestanicus. Iyo yakasiyana pakuti muvakadzi, scutellum inenge yakafukidzwa zvachose nemuenzaniso muchena, mavara akamanikana emusana wakasviba aripo chete munharaunda yekervical grooves.

Geographic distribution

Iyo meadow tick inogara mumasango ane deciduous uye akavhenganiswa eSiberia neEurope, huwandu hukuru hwehutachiona hunowanikwa mumafuro nemafuro, munzvimbo dzekufamba kwemombe dzakawanda, nepo chipembenene chinopesana nemafashama nemafashama. Yakaparadzirwa mumapani eUkraine, muCrimea, muCaucasus, muKazakhstan (kunze kwechikamu chayo chekumaodzanyemba), mumakomo eCentral Asia, kumaodzanyemba nekumabvazuva kweSiberia.

Nguva dzekuita kwemafuro chikwekwe

Zvipembenene zvinopikisa zvakanyanya kutonhora uye zvinomuka kubva mukurara nekuonekwa kwekutanga kunyungudika. Nhamba yekutanga yebasa ravo mumwaka inowira muna Kubvumbi-Chivabvu: panguva ino, vasuckers vane hasha nekuda kwenzara uye vanorwisa mhuka huru uye dzepakati nepakati.

Pakati pezhizha, basa rezvikwekwe rinoderera - nguva ino inopera kusvika munaAugust.

Pakupera kwezhizha/kutanga kwematsutso, kumwe kuwedzera kwechiitiko kunotanga; vanomisa zvachose chiitiko chavo chakakosha chete nekudonha kwechando. Vanhu vakuru chete ndivo vanokwanisa kurarama munguva yechando, mhute uye nymphs dzisina nguva yekufa.

Vavengi venyama meadow mites

Zvisikwa zvakaita kuti huwandu hwezvikwekwe husawande nekusingaperi. Bloodsuckers ari pamagumo echikafu chekudya uye akakosha link mairi. Zvikwekwe zvine vavengi venyama vakakwana, zvinodyiwa:

• shiri (kunyanya shiri duku, thrushes, nyeredzi, varuki vanodya zvikwekwe, madhiri);
• zvimwe zvipembenene (dandemutande, zvipembenene pasi, majuru, vatasvi, dragonflies, nyundo);
• zvinokambaira (madzvinyu, matatya nematatya).

Vavengi vakaipisisa vezvikwekwe fungal spores inokonzera zvirwere zveArthropods.

Nei utachiona hwacho hune ngozi?

Mate e meadow tick anogona kunge aine mavhairasi uye mabhakitiriya anokonzera zvirwere zvine njodzi kuvanhu:

1. Chikwekwe encephalitis. Chinoonekwa sechirwere chine ngozi pane zvese zvinotakurwa nezvikwekwe. Chirwere ichi chinokanganisa hurongwa hwepakati hwemunhu, vazhinji vevanhu vane utachiona vanove vakaremara. Somugumisiro wehutachiona ne encephalitis, kukanganisa kwakanyanya kwekutya uye kwepfungwa kunoitika: kuoma mitezo, paresis, kukanganiswa kwekuziva uye kushanda kwepamusoro kwepfungwa.
2. Tularemia. Zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinoratidzwa kuwedzera lymph nodes, kupisa kwakanyanya uye musoro, kukanganisa kurara. Tularemia inogona kutungamira kumatambudziko akakomba akadai searthritis, meningitis, encephalitis, mabayo, uye kuvhunduka kunotyisa. Chirwere chinorapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya muchipatara.
3. Omsk hemorrhagic fever. Inozviratidza mumhando yehemorrhagic rashes paganda, kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwekushisa, tsandanyama uye musoro.
4. Piroplasmosis (babesiosis). Zvipfuyo zvinobatwa nechirwere ichi, asi vanhu vanogona zvakare kutapukirwa kana kusadzivirirwa kwavo kwakadzikira zvakanyanya. Mhuka dzine utachiona hwepiroplasmosis dzinowanzofa, kunyanya kana kurapa kusina kutanga nenguva. Zviratidzo zve babesiosis: fivha, kushanduka kwe mucous membranes uye urini, kukanganisa kwegumbo remudumbu.

Matanho ekudzivirira zvipembenene

Matanho ekurwisa dermacentor marginatus akafanana nemamwe ixodid.

Matanho ekudzivirira

Kuti udzivise kurwiswa kweane njodzi bloodsucker, zvinokurudzirwa kuita zvinotevera ekudzivirira matanho:

• kuita majekiseni ekudzivirira evanhu nemhuka dzemumba;
• kushandiswa kwezvipfeko zvekudzivirira kwekufamba munzvimbo dzekugara kweparasite, kudzivirira nzvimbo dzakazaruka dzemuviri;
• kushandiswa kwezvipembenene uye kugadzirira kwezvipembenene;
• kuongorora nguva dzose panguva yekufamba kwemuviri uye zvipfeko zvekuonekwa kwemakiti pavari;
• kuchenesa nzvimbo kubva kuhuni dzakafa, chirimwa uye mamwe marara, kudzivirira kuraswa kwenzvimbo.

Kurwa mabasa

Matanho ekuparadza munzvimbo, pazvirongwa uye matende anoitwa nerubatsiro rwezvipembenene zvakakosha uye acaricidal makemikari nenzira yeguruva uye aerosols.

Kugadziriswa kunogona kuitwa kwakazvimirira kana nekubatanidzwa kweakakosha masevhisi.

Kuparadza zvipembenene pamhuka dzepurazi, kurapwa kweacaricidal kunoitwa nemishonga inobvumirwa neveterinary service.

Dziviriro kubva pakurumwa neparasite ine ngozi

Heano mamwe mamwe maitiro ekuzvidzivirira kubva kune meadow tick bite:

1. Nekufamba munzvimbo dzingangove nengozi, unofanirwa kusarudza zvipfeko zvemavara akareruka - zviri nyore kuona parasite pairi. Jacket, sweta inofanira kuiswa mubhurugwa, uye bhurugwa - mumasokisi nebhutsu. Iva nechokwadi chekushandisa ngowani (zvichida sikavha) uye hood. Zvinofanira kuyeukwa kuti chikwekwe chinokambaira kubva pasi zvichikwira.
2. Iva nechokwadi chekushandisa repellent uye insecticidal, acaricidal kugadzirira. Vaya vekare vanovhundutsa vapfuri veropa nekunhuhwirira, vekupedzisira vanovaparadza nekuvaremadza. Kune vanhu, mishonga inowanikwa nenzira ye sprays, aerosols, mafuta. Kune mhuka - muchimiro chekorori, inodonha painooma uye sprays.
3. Panguva yekufamba uye mushure mokudzoka kumba, zvakakosha kunyatsoongorora muviri. Zvikwekwe zvinosarudza kuruma nzvimbo dzine ganda rakapfava uye rakatetepa: nzvimbo iri kuseri kwenzeve, mugokora, mutsipa, dumbu, pasi pemabvi, magokora.