Chikwekwe chakayamwa: mufananidzo uye tsananguro, zviratidzo zvekurumwa neparasite, rubatsiro rwekutanga uye mitemo yekurapa

Kwakabva rudzi uye tsananguro

Kune vanhu uye mhuka dzine ropa rinodziya, ixodid zvikwekwe zvinoisa njodzi huru - inotakura zvirwere zvakanyanya: encephalitis uye borreliosis.

Kwakabva zvipembenene izvi hazvinyatsozivikanwi, asi pane humbowo hwekuti zvakange zviripo panguva yezvinokambaira zvekare uye zvakatanga kuzviparadzisa, uye mushure mekutsakatika kwavo vakachinjira kumhuka dzinoyamwisa.

Kune marudzi anenge 650 eIxodes munyika, asi haasi ose ane ngozi kuvanhu. Vese vamiriri verudzi urwu vane akafanana morphological maitiro:

• a flat, oval body 3-4 mm kureba., Kunwa ropa, chipembenene chinowedzera muhukuru kusvika 15 mm., vakadzi vakakura kudarika varume;
• ruvara runosiyana kubva kune yakatsvuka kusvika kune yakatsvuka hues;
• vakuru vane 4 makumbo emakumbo, maziso haapo kana kusasiyanisa zvakanaka.

Zvikonzero zvekuruma kwechikwekwe muvanhu

Chinangwa chechikwekwe ndechekutsvaga mhuka uye kudya paropa rayo, saka vanopedza nguva yakawanda yehupenyu hwavo vakamirira angave anogamuchira. Zvinonyanya kukonzera kurumwa kwechikwekwe muvanhu ndezvi:

• kushanya kumatunhu ane zvikwekwe, masango nemapaki emasango;
• kusateerera mitemo yekuchengeteka kana uchifamba munzvimbo dzakadaro: kushayikwa kwezvidziviriro zvemunhu, zvikamu zvakaratidzwa zvemuviri;
• kukurukurirana kwepedyo nemhuka (mite inowanzowanikwa pamvere dzavo);
• kuunza kumba zvinhu kubva musango: maruva, uswa, howa, matavi.

Chikwekwe chinopinda sei pamunhu

Zvikwekwe zvinonyimwa chiono kana kuti hazvina kunyatsogadzirwa, saka vanotsvaga mhuka yavo nerubatsiro rwemitezo yakakosha yekunzwa, vachitarisa kudziya kwemuviri unodziya-weropa.

Matiki akamirira angangoita muenzi pamashizha marefu euswa, makwenzi, kazhinji ari pedyo nenzira, pamakwenzi.

Ichinzwa kuswedera kwemunhu anenge abatwa, chipembenene chinotendeuka chakananga kwacho uye chinotarisira kuonana, mushure mezvo chinonamatira zvipfeko uye chinotanga kutsvaga nzvimbo yakakodzera yekuruma.

Chikwekwe chinonwa ropa sei?

Ropa rine midziyo yekuruma yakagadziridzwa. Nekubatsirwa kwenhengo (chelicera) yakafanana nekasi, vanobaya ganda remunhu akabatwa uye, nerubatsiro rwe-spike-like hypostome, vanoita kuora mwoyo mumasumbu, anozadza neropa panzvimbo yekurumwa. Chipembenene chinogara chichisveta ropa riri kubuda.

Chikwekwe chakapombwa chinotaridzika sei?

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, chikwekwe chakayamwa ropa chinowedzera zvakanyanya muhukuru - kureba kwemuviri wayo kunowedzera anenge 10 mm. Kuzvimba, muviri wechikwekwe unochinja ruvara kubva kubrown kuenda kugrey. Chikwekwe chakanyatsodyiswa chinobva chatadza kushanda, chinongodonha kubva pamuviri wemuridzi pasi.

Chikwekwe chinoitei kana chichinwa ropa?

Mukadzi mukuru akaguta anokandira mazai - akananga muvhu, mashizha, kana kufamba zvinhambwe zvipfupi kwazvo achitsvaga nzvimbo yakakodzera yekukandira. Nymph inodyiswa zvakanaka inoenderera mberi nekukura kwayo - inopinda muchikamu chekunyungudika. Murume mukuru, apedza kuguta, anoberekesa hadzi yofa.

Mhando dzezvikwekwe zveixodid zvine njodzi kuvanhu

Sezvatotaurwa, haasi ose maIxodes ane ngozi kuvanhu. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzeropa dzinotakura utachiona hunotyisa dzakanyorwa pasi apa.

Ndoita sei kana ndarumwa nechikwekwe

Vanosuwa ropa vanonyengera: kurova kwavo pamuviri hakugone kunzwika, uyezve, mate avo ane enzyme yakakosha inoita kuti kuruma kusarwadze. Nokudaro, kazhinji, hutachiona hunoonekwa chete kana hwatove hwakanamatira paganda. Muchiitiko ichi, unofanira kuita nokukurumidza.

Bvisa chikwekwe chakanamira

Chipembenene chacho chinofanira kubviswa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira, sezvo kureba kwacho chiri mumuviri, ndiko kunowedzera mukana wekutapukirwa.

Kuti uite izvi, zvinokurudzirwa kuti utaure chero sangano rezvokurapa.

Iwe unogona kuzviita iwe pachako: nerubatsiro rwezvishandiso zvakakosha kana zvakajairika tweezers. Mutemo wekutanga: chikwekwe hachifanirwe kuzununguswa zvakanyanya, kupwanywa uye kuedza kuiburitsa kunze nechisimba. Inofanirwa kupepetwa kakawanda mune chero nzira uye kudhonzwa zvishoma kumusoro.

Zvekuita kana isiri iyo chikwekwe chese chakabudiswa

Kana kurudziro yekubvisa parasite ikatyorwa, zvinogona kuitika kuti muviri wayo uchabuda, uye musoro unoramba uri pasi peganda. Muchiitiko ichi, unogona kuedza kuibvisa netsono, se splinter, kana kungoizadza neodini uye kumirira mazuva mashomanana - zvichida, muviri pachawo ucharamba muviri wekunze. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kukura kwechirwere chekuputika kusvika kune suppuration kunogoneka: kana zviratidzo zvinotyisa zvikaonekwa, unofanira kubvunza chiremba.

Ropa nzvimbo yekuruma

Mushure mekubvisa chikwekwe, unofanirwa kurapa nzvimbo yekuruma neine antiseptic. Inokodzera zvinotevera:

• iodine;
• brilliant green;
• doro solution;
• chlorhexidine;
• hydrogen peroxide.

Enda nechikwekwe ku lab

Ropa rinenge rabviswa rinokurudzirwa kuti riiswe mumudziyo une chivharo chakasimba uye rigopihwa kune imwe nzvimbo yerabhoritari kuitira kuona hutachiona hwayo nehutachiona. Usati watumira kuongororwa, chipembenene chinobvumirwa kuchengetwa mufiriji kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere.

Ipa ropa kuti uone masoja ekudzivirira chirwere

Panewo kuongororwa kwakakosha kunokubvumira kuti uone kuvapo kweencephalitis antibodies muropa. Kuonekwa kwema antibodies akadaro kunotaura mukufarira kuongororwa kwekiriniki ye encephalitis.

Zvisinei, hazvikurudzirwi kutora kuongorora kwakadaro pakarepo mushure mekurumwa: chaiwo IgG antibodies kune tick-borne encephalitis virus inowanikwa pazuva re10-14 uye kunyange kare.

Vanosvika pamwero wepamusoro panopera mwedzi uye vanoramba vari pamwero uyu kwemwedzi miviri kusvika kumitanhatu mushure mekutapukirwa.

Ita immunotherapy sezvinokurudzirwa nachiremba

Kana zvikaitika kuti utachiona hwaive mutakuri wehutachiona, kana kana munhu akabatwa aine zviratidzo zvekutanga zvechirwere, mutarisiri wehutano achapa immunotherapy, iyo inosanganisira kuiswa kwevanhu immunoglobulin. Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti kurapa kwakadaro munyika yedu hakuna kupihwa mahara mukati meiyo inomanikidzirwa inishuwarenzi yekurapa. Immunoglobulin inogona kuwanikwa mahara nevaya vane inishuwarenzi pasi peVHI uye mamwe mapoka evagari.

Zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvekuruma kwechikwekwe muvanhu

Zvinoitwa pakurumwa nechikwekwe ndezvemunhu uye zvinoenderana nemamiriro akaita muviri wemunhu. Muvanhu vane hutano husina kunaka uye vanowanzoita allergic reactions, zvinotevera zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika mukati meawa 2-3 mushure mekurumwa:

• photophobia;
• kurwadziwa mumhasuru nemajoini;
• chills;
• utera.

Zvisinei, kazhinji zviratidzo zvekutanga zvinoitika mushure memazuva mashomanana kana kunyange mavhiki. Izvi zvinosanganisira: musoro, fivha, kuderedza BP, kuda kurutsa uye kurutsa, kuzvimba lymph nodes.

Kurapa mitemo

Parizvino hapana kurapwa kwakanangana nezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nezvikwekwe. Therapy inotarisirwa kudzivirira kukura kwematambudziko, kuderedza zviratidzo uye kutsigira mamiriro emurwere.

Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yekurumwa nechikwekwe

Mushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya hauna simba pakurwisa encephalitis inotakura zvikwekwe, sezvo chirwere ichi chinokonzerwa nehutachiona. Asi maererano ne borrelia, iyo inokonzeresa yechirwere cheLyme, ivo vanoshanda chaizvo. Nekudzivirira uye kurapwa kwe borreliosis, amoxicillin uye doxycilin inowanzoshandiswa. Chiyero chinodiwa uye nguva yekosi inotarwa nachiremba.

Nheyo dzekutanga dzekurapa encephalitis

Kana chikwekwe chinokonzerwa encephalitis ichifungidzirwa, murwere anokurumidza kuiswa muchipatara muchipatara chetsinga. Kana prophylaxis ine immunoglobulin isati yamboitwa, mushonga wacho unoitwa masikati.

Primary therapy inosanganisira zvinotevera:

• anti-inflammatory therapy;
• kupera mvura mumuviri kudzivirira cerebral edema;
• kurwisa hypoxia;
• kutsigirwa kwemvura uye electrolyte balance;
• kudzorerwa kwemetabolism yepakati yenheyo system.

Mushure mekusiya iyo yakaoma mamiriro, makosi eeuroleptics, physiotherapy, uye masaja anonyorerwa kuti agadzirise zvachose.

Nheyo dzekutanga dzekurapa borreliosis

Chirwere cheLyme (borreliosis) chinorapwa muchipatara chedhipatimendi rezvirwere zvinotapukira. Therapy inotarisirwa kwete chete kurwisa iyo causative agent yechirwere, asiwo kuchengetedza basa renhengo dzomukati uye maitiro.

Pakutanga kwechirwere, tetracycline mishonga inoshanda, gare gare, apo neurological, cardinal uye articular shanduko dzinokura, penicillins inoshandiswa.

Mukuwirirana nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kurapwa ne-non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs kunoitwa, kana zvichidiwa, painkillers inoshandiswa.

Mhedzisiro yekurumwa nechikwekwe

Kutapukirwa nezvirwere zviri pamusoro apa kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakomba, kunyange rufu.

Zvinetso zvetick-borne encephalitis:

• kuvhiringidzika kwepfungwa (kurasikirwa kwendangariro, kukanganisa kufunga);
• kuvhiringidzika kwekuziva kusvika pakoma;
• kukanganisa kwakanyanya kwemotokari: paresis, kuoma mitezo, kutadza zvachose.

Migumisiro yechirwere cheLyme inogona kuva kukuvadza kusingagadziriswi kune nhengo dzomukati, kuparadzwa kwemajoini, kukanganisa kwakanyanya kwetsinga.

Kudzivirira kurumwa nezvikwekwe

Nekubatsira kwematanho akareruka ekudzivirira, unogona kuderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekurwiswa kwechikwekwe uye, semhedzisiro, kutapukirwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona:

• vaccination: inozivikanwa senzira inoshanda yekudzivirira encephalitis pasi rose;
• kushandiswa kwemidziyo yakakosha yekudzivirira (repellents uye acaricides) kana uchifamba munzvimbo dzinogona kurarama zvikwekwe, kusarudza zvipfeko zvakakodzera (kudzivisa ganda rakafumurwa, shandisa heti uye hood);
• kucheneswa panguva yakakodzera kwemarara uye marara emiti kubva panzvimbo yacho: inzvimbo yekugara yezvikwekwe;
• kuongororwa kwemuviri uye zvipfeko panguva yekufamba musango uye pakarepo mushure mayo.