Mining moth: shavishavi rinoparadza sei maguta ese

Mugodhi wemashizha emuchestnut ndicho chipembenene chikuru cheimwe yemiti yakakurumbira mumapaki emaguta munyika dzeEurope, chestnut yebhiza. Iyo Ohrid miner inoparadza mashizha, izvo zvinokonzeresa kukuvadza kusingagadzirike kune kudyara. Kudiwa kwekuirwisa kunowedzera kuoma gore negore.

Ko chestnut moth inoita sei (mufananidzo)

Tsanangudzo uye chitarisiko

zita: Chestnut moth, Ohrid miner
Ratini: Cameraria ohridella

Kirasi: Zvipembenene - chipembenene
Chikwata: Lepidoptera - Lepidoptera
Mhuri: Zvipfukuto - Gracillaridae

	Nzvimbo dzekugara:	munda
	Nengozi kune:	bhiza chestnuts
	Nzira dzekuparadza:	nzira dzevanhu, makemikari

Chestnut moth.

Munhu mukuru Ohrid mugodhi anoita seshavi duku - kureba kwemuviri - 7 mm, mapapiro - kusvika ku10 mm. Muviri wakasviba, mapapiro epamberi anosiyaniswa neyakajeka motley pateni uye chena mitsara pane yebrown-tsvuku kumashure, mapapiro eshure ane grey.

Paws machena akashongedzwa nemavara matema. Chipembenene ichi chainzi mugodhi nekuda kwekugona kuisa migero (migodhi) mumashizha.

Chestnut mining moth masayendisiti anoreva mhuri yezvipfukuto, inova rudzi rweshavishavi rinogona kupinda munharaunda yemamwe marudzi.

Kubudirira kwechipembenene kunosanganisira makore maviri anoshanda, apo mhashu dzakabuda kubva mazai dzinokwanisa kuparadza nzvimbo huru dzekudyara kwemiti. Zvadaro zvinotevera 3-4 makore ekudzikama.

Hupenyu kutenderera

Munguva yehupenyu hwayo, mole inopfuura nematanho mana ehupenyu:

Mining moth kukuvadza

Chipembenene chinoonekwa seimwe yemhando dzine utsinye dzemoth, iyo inoparadza mashizha pamiti nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.

Moth yakakuvara chestnuts.

Munguva yemwaka, vakadzi veOhrid miner vanokwanisa kupa vana vatatu. Sezvo chestnut moth caterpillar inokura mumigodhi yemigodhi, huwandu hwemiti yemiti iyo inotora inowedzera. Pamashizha, kukuvara kunova kuoneka pa3th-4th nhanho yebudiriro.

Mahwendefa emashizha, anodyiwa nemakonye, ​​anove akafukidzwa nemavara ebrown, anotanga kuoma nekudonha. Pamusana pekukuvadza kukuru kwemashizha emashizha, miti haina nguva yekuunganidza michero mumwaka, iyo inotungamirira kuchando chemiti yemachestnut kana kuomeswa kwematavi akawanda munguva yechando.

Muchirimo, mashizha haatungi pamiti yakadaro, kudyara kusina simba kunowanzopindirwa nezvimwe zvipembenene (zvipembenene, fungi, nezvimwewo). Uyezve, chestnut miner moth inoshanda semutakuri wehutachiona hwehutachiona, iyo inogona kukanganisa miti nemimwe miti.

Kukundwa kwemisa kwakacherechedzwa nenyanzvi mune greenhouses, uko mbesa inodyarwa yekudyarwa mumapaki.

Mumapaki eEurope (Germany, Poland nedzimwe nyika), chestnuts ndiyo mhando huru inoshandiswa mumapaki ekugadzirisa. Miti yakakuvadzwa inorasikirwa nekushongedza kwayo uye inofa mukati memakore mashoma.

Kukuvadzwa kwehupfumi kubva muzviito zvechestnut moth uye kuteverwa kwemiti nemamwe marudzi ayo anonyanya kukurira zvipembenene inofungidzirwa nenyanzvi muguta guru reGermany Berlin pamamiriyoni mazana matatu emadhora.

Zvirimwa zvakakanganiswa nemugodhi wechestnut

Miti mikuru inogona kurwiswa nechestnut moth ibhiza chestnuts yemarudzi machena-maruva (echiJapan uye akajairika). Zvisinei, mamwe marudzi echestnuts (Chinese, Indian, California, etc.) haakweveri butterflies, nokuti pamashizha awo, makonye anofa kare padanho rekutanga rekukura.

Mukuwedzera, chestnut moth inorwisa mamwe marudzi emiti, yakasimwa mudzimba dzezhizha uye mumapaki emaguta:

• maple ekushongedza (machena uye holly);
• girlish mazambiringa;
• makwenzi (roses, holly, rhododendron).

Zviratidzo zvekukuvara nekudzivirira

Mumagadheni epamba, varidzi vakawanda vanosarudza kushandisa nzira dzinobatsira kudzivirira kuiswa kwemazai echestnut leafminer uye kuderedza nhamba yavo.

Kudzivirira kuberekana kwezvipembenene, nzira dzakawanda dzinoshandiswa:

• kuputira matanda emiti nemabhandi eglue panguva yekutanga kwezhizha re butterflies;
• akarembera tepi yekunamatira kana mahwendefa eyero pakukwirira kwekorona, iyo yakasvibiswa zvakanyanya nePestifix glue - izvi zvinobatsira kubata moths muzhizha;
• kukohwa mashizha akawa mumatsutso, umo pupa uye butterflies vanovanza nokuda kwechando;
• kurapwa kwehunde yemiti nemishonga yezvipembenene kuparadza zvipembenene zvakavharwa pasi pebark kuitira nguva yechando;
• kuchera kwakadzika kwevhu mudenderedzwa repadhuze remachestnuts panzvimbo inosvika 1,5 korona madhayamita.

Maitiro ekubata nemugodhi wechestnut moth

Pane nzira dzakati wandei dzekubata nemugodhi weOhrid: vanhu, makemikari, biological uye mechanical.

Zvirwere zvevanhu

Kupfapfaidza kudyara.

Nzira yevanhu isingabatanidzi kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene ndeyekurapa minda yemachestnut padanho rekutanga, apo butterflies dzinobhururuka dzakakomberedza miti dzinotanga kukandira mazai (muRussia izvi zvinoitika muna May).

Kuti uite izvi, shandisa mhinduro yeLiposam bioadhesive, sipo yakasvibirira nemvura. Mvura inoguma inopfapfaidzwa pamatanda uye matavi emiti, pamwe chete nedenderedzwa repamusoro-soro revhu rakaenzana ne 1,5-2 korona madhayamita. Iyi nzira inobatsira kuderedza zvipembenene nekunamatira mapapiro azvo pamwechete. Kana mhinduro yasvika, shavishavi rinomhanyira kumashizha kana hunde uye rinofa.

Makemikari

Iyo kemikari nzira inosanganisira 2-3 imwe chete kurapwa kwemiti ine mhinduro:

• systemic mishonga yezvipembenene (Aktara, Karate, Calypso, Kinmiks, nezvimwewo), iyo iyo inoshandiswa zvinhu zveAgro-surfactant inowedzerwa;
• kubata-intestinal mishonga yezvipembenene (Aktelik, Decis, Inta-vir, Karbofos, nezvimwewo) pamwe nekuwedzera kweAgro-surfactant.

Kurapa nemakemikari kunokurudzirwa nekupfapfaidza mashizha echestnut uye ivhu pasi pemiti mavhiki maviri ega ega mumwaka wese, achichinjana gadziriro. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza njodzi yekuti zvipembenene zvipindwe nemishonga yezvipembenene.

Biologicals

Biologically inoshanda mishonga inoshandiswa mumwaka wose wechirimo uye wezhizha. Nekugadzirisa, larvicides, ovicides, Bitobaxibacelin, Dimilin, Insegar (chitin synthesis inhibitors) inoshandiswa. Iyi mishonga yekubata chiito inodzivisa kuumbwa kwechitinous membrane, iyo inotungamirira kurufu rwezvipembenene pazera relarval.

Iyo mechanical nzira yekudzivirira inosanganisira kubata korona yemiti ine simba rejeti remvura kubva kune hose, iyo inobvumira kugogodza zvipembenene pasi munguva yezhizha.

Chipfukuto chemugodhi chinewo vavengi venyama - aya marudzi anopfuura makumi maviri eshiri anowanikwa muEurope. Vanoshingaira kudya makonye uye tupukanana pupae. Vanodyawo mhute uye mamwe marudzi ezvipembenene (masvosve, wasps, spider, etc.).

Chestnut miner moth chipembenene chinotyisa chinogona kukonzera kufa kwemiti. Ngozi yaro yakakura nekuti chirwere chiri pachirimwa chinogona kucherechedzwa kana chisisarapika. Uye kumhanya kwekupararira kwemamoths munyika dzeEurope kunoratidza kudiwa kwematanho ekukurumidza kuchengetedza kudyara kwekushongedza mumapaki eruzhinji nemapindu.