Ndivanaani chaivo vanonhuwa tsikidzi (superfamily): yakazara dossier pane "zvinonhuhwirira" zvipembenene

Iye munyori wechinyorwa
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11 min. yekuverenga

Muzvisikwa, kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvetsikidzi. Shields vamiririri vakajeka vemhuri yavo, kune mazana emarudzi emarudzi avo. Vanoshamisika nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, asi akasiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe mune zvekugadzirira zvekugadzirira. Chipembenene chenhoo chinogona kuzvishandura sehama kana kunyange mukwikwidzi uye kurarama muchando chakanyanya.

Tsanangudzo yakajairika yetsikidzi kubva kumhuri yekwaShields

Mabheti anobva kumhuri yeScutellum ane mavara akasiyana-siyana, asi chimiro chemuviri, nzira dzekubereka uye kukura zvakafanana. Vanhu vazhinji vanoziva zvipembenene zvinonhuwa kana zvipembenene zvine mitsetse yakajeka zvinogara pamiti. Vakawana zita ravo nekuda kwegoko rechitinous rinovhara muviri, rakaita senhovo.

Chitarisiko uye chimiro

Kunyangwe zvipembenene zvemhuri yeShield zvichisiyana muruvara nekukura, chimiro chemuviri wavo chakafanana:

  • muviri uri muzvina zvitatu wakafukidzwa nenhoo;
  • kukura kwemuviri kubva 0,7 kusvika 18 mm;
  • musoro wetriangular. flat;
  • marefu antennae pamusoro, anosanganisira 4-5 zvikamu;
  • mudziyo wemuromo ndeyemhando yekubaya-inosveta, yakasiyana pakureba nekukora kweproboscis. Muvanhu vanokara, yakakora uye ipfupi, mumhuka dzinodya uswa, yakatetepa uye yakareba;
  • 3 makumbo emakumbo, maviri kana matatu akapatsanurwa.

Vamwe vanhu vane mapapiro, vamwe havana. Tshikidzi dzine matinji padumbu radzo anobudisa mvura inonhuwa iyo inoshanda sedziviriro patumbuyu. Vanobhururuka, vanosvetuka kubva kune chirimwa kuenda kune chirimwa, vamwe vanogona kushambira.

Mhando dzenhovo.

Kubereka, kukura uye hupenyu hurefu

Munguva yechando, zvipembenene zvenhovo zviri mumarara akaoma. Muchirimo, apo zvinomera zvinomera, zvinodya uye kuwana simba rekutanga kukwira.

Mhuka dzinobereka kubva muna Chivabvu kusvika Chikunguru, apo tembiricha yemhepo inokwira kusvika +18 - +20 madhigirii. Mukono unowana hadzi nekunhuwa, hono dzedzimwe mhando dzinokwezva hadzi nekurira, ruzha rwakadaro rwunowanikwa nekukweshana makumbo ekumashure.
Kusvirana kunogona kutora maawa akawanda, uye kusangana kamwe chete kunokwana kuti hadzi ikandira mazai kweupenyu hwayo hwose. Pane imwe nguva, vakadzi vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana vanokandira kubva pa14 kusvika ku40 mazai. Shield mazai emhando dzakasiyana uye mavara.
Mushure memazuva 7-20, zvipembenene zvinoonekwa kubva mazai, zvinoratidzika sevanhu vakuru, asi zviduku uye zvisina mapapiro. Vanonyungudika kashanu, sezvo goko risingabvumiri zvipembenene kukura nekukura. Makonye asingakwanise kuburitsa matemhe awo anofa.
Zvipembenene zvechikadzi zvinonhuwa, mushure mekuzvarwa kwevana, vanochengeta vana vavo kwenguva yakati vobva vafa. Upenyu hwehuputi hunonhuwa hunoenderana nemhando, uye hunogona kugara gore rimwe kana maviri.

Kudya

Zvipembenene zvakakamurwa kuva marudzi matatu maererano nezvinodiwa zvekubika: kudyisa muto wechirimwa, mhuka dzinodya nyama uye mhando yakasanganiswa, kudya kune zvese zvipembenene uye muto wechirimwa. Ntsikidzi dzinodya muto wechirimwa dzinonzi twupukanana mugadheni. Zvichienderana nemhando, ivo vanodya:

  • zviyo zvirimwa;
  • zvirimwa kubva kumhuri ye nightshade;
  • cruciferous;
  • michero;
  • sora;
  • uswa hwefodhi;
  • kukuvadza zvirimwa zveamburera;
  • miti.

Mhando dzetsikidzi dzinodya nyama dzinonzi tumbuyu tunobatsira. Vanoparadza tupukanana, mazai avo nemakonye.

Habitat of stink bugs

Shield tsikidzi dzinogara pasi rose. Kune dzakawanda zvezvipembenene izvi muEurope, Central Asia, North uye South America, Africa. Mamwe marudzi anogara kunyange munzvimbo dziri kuchamhembe. Mhuka zhinji dzinogara munzvimbo dzinopisa.

MuRussia, zvipembenene zvenhovo zvinowanikwa muEurope chikamu, muCrimea, muAsia uye kunyange mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeSiberia.

Mhando dzetsikidzi.

Mhando dzezvipembenene zvinonhuwa

Shchitniks yemarudzi akasiyana-siyana akasiyana mumuvara wemuviri, saizi uye zvavanodya. Zvimwe zvacho zvipembenene zvezvirimwa, izvo, nekupinda kukuru, zvinogona kuparadza chirimwa chose.

nhovo yemuti
Vamiriri vezvipembenene zvenhovo yemiti vakapendwa muruvara rwakasvibira. Muviri wavo wakareba masendimita 1,1-1,6. Mukadzi anoisa mazai pamashizha nenzira yehexagon, mukati memwaka anogona kukandira 3-4 batches emazai, rimwe nerimwe rine zvidimbu 25-30. Inodya pamiti yakasiyana-siyana inodonha, berry makwenzi uye uswa, zvirimwa zvezviyo. Inogona kudya zvimwe zvipembenene. Kazhinji inowanikwa pane raspberry makwenzi. Maberry paigara zvipembenene ane kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi kwezvipembenene izvi.
Chipembenene chinonhuwa chine goko rine ruvara rwemasitadhi. Kureba kwemuviri wayo ndeye 10-15 mm. Mukadzi anogona kukandira mazamu maviri emazai zana mumwaka wega wega. Anodziisa kuseri kwebepa. Iyo inonhuwa bug inodya ma berries: raspberries, currants, gooseberries. Iyo bug panguva yengozi inoburitsa kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi kunogona kunzwika kure kure kusvika pamamita matatu. Kunhuwa uku kunobatsira chipembenene kuzvidzivirira kubva kuvavengi.
cruciferous bug
Muviri wecruciferous bug, zvichienderana nemhando, ine ruvara rwakasiyana. Kune anenge makumi matatu emhando dzecruciferous bugs munyika. Vane ruvara rwakajeka kwazvo, mitsetse pamuviri inogona kuva yakatsvuka, yero, yakasvibirira, yakasviba, yebhuruu. Kureba kwemuviri 30-0,8 cm.. Hadzi inokandira mazai gumi nemaviri mumitsara miviri kuseri kweshizha. Munguva yemwaka, 1-12 zvizvarwa zvezvipembenene zvinogona kuonekwa. Cruciferous tsikidzi dzinogara pamhando dzese dzekabheji, radish, daikon, horseradish, lettuce. Nekupinda kukuru, inogona kuparadza zvirimwa zvakura zvemuriwo. Iyo crusading bug inowanzovhiringidzika nemusoja.
Shield marble
Chipembenene chemarble chinonhuwa chiri pamusoro pemuviri chine ruvara rwemavara erima uye akajeka, akafanana nepateni yemarble. Pasi pacho pakachena kana kuti pakachenuruka. Kukura kwemuviri wezvipembenene ndeye 10-17 mm. Musiyano wehunhu hwemhando iyi ndeye mhete dzemwenje paantennae, iyo isingawanikwe mune mamwe mabhugi anotaridzika akafanana nawo pakuonekwa. Hadzi inokandira mazai 20-30 nechepasi peshizha. Mbeu dziri kubuda, dzichipfuura nepachikamu chimwe nechimwe chekunyunguduka, dzine ruvara rwakasiyana rwemuviri. Munzvimbo dzine hunyoro hunyoro, zvizvarwa zvitatu zvebhugi dzemarble zvinokura mukati megore. Icho chipembenene chinokuvadza michero uye nhungirwa diki dzemiti.
Kamba inokuvadza
Chipembenene ikamba inokuvadza ine muviri weoval, yakasvibira muruvara ine madotsi matema uye madheshi, kureba 10-12 mm. Pashizha ndiro, mukadzi anoita clutch mazai gumi nemana, ayo akarongwa mumitsara miviri. Makonye anoita seakura asi ari madiki. Chizvarwa chimwe chezvipembenene chinoonekwa pamwaka. Turtle inokuvadza - chipembenene chezvirimwa zvezviyo. Chando uye gorosi remusango zvinonyanya kukanganiswa nebug. Upfu hunobva muzviyo zvakakuvadzwa netsikidzi haukodzeri kudya.
Inotonga nhoo
Chipembenene chinonhuwa chakavharwa chakawana zita kubva panhovo panofamba mitsetse mitema nemitsvuku. Kureba kwemuviri wayo kunosvika 11 mm. Hadzi inokandira mazai muzhizha rose padzinde, mashizha nemaamburera echirimwa. Mu clutch pane kubva pa3 kusvika ku15 zvidimbu. Ruled shield - chipembenene chezvirimwa zveamburera, chinodya mbeu, buds uye maruva emiti.
pear lace maker
Pear bug kana pear lace bug ipembenene diki, inosvika 3,5 mm kureba. Madzimai anoisa mazai pasi pemashizha, anogona kuva mune imwe clutch kubva pa100 kusvika ku400 zvidimbu. Dzinogara pamapeya, asi kana mapere achangokura mapapiro, anotamira kune mimwe miti mubindu. Kazhinji chizvarwa chimwe chezvipembenene chinowanikwa mumwaka, asi munzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba, kana mamiriro okunze achidziya, chizvarwa chechipiri chinogonawo kuonekwa, asi kana mapere asina mapapiro nekutanga kwechando, achafa.
cucumber inonhuwa
Iyo cucumber bug yakasviba grey muruvara, diki muhukuru, isingasviki 3 mm, inowanzo vhiringika nenhata. Chipembenene chinogara kuseri kwemashizha chichiita maburi madiki pese pese. Nokufamba kwenguva, mashizha anoita yero uye chirimwa chinosvava. Chipembenene chinoda kugara pane hunyoro nekudziya. Madzimai anowedzera zvakanyanya, munguva pfupi vanokwanisa kukanganisa zvirimwa zvose mugreenhouse. Zvinokuvadza magaka, matomatisi uye mhiripiri.
Black-whiskered shield
Rudzi rwemuviri murudzi urwu rwunobva kune yakasviba yero kusvika ku dzvuku dzvuku, kureba 1-1,4 masendimita ane matatu-segmented antennae akasviba, chikamu chekutanga chete chine rufous neblack sitiroko. Iyo bug inogadzika pamarimu, aster, zviyo zvinomera. Inogona kudya makabheji emhando dzakasiyana. Pamiti iyi, hadzi dzinokandira mazai akaita semadhiramu madiki ane chivharo. Mhuka dzakakura uye vanhu vakuru vanodya raspberries muhafu yechipiri yezhizha. currants uye juice yembeu yemishonga yakasiyana.

Mabhenefiti uye kukuvadza kwekunhuwa bugs pane saiti

Chengetedza zvipembenene zvinogara pamiti uye kudya muto wazvo zvinokuvadza.

Carnivorous stink bugs inobatsira, inoparadza zvipembenene zvinokuvadza uye maruva avo anogara pamiti.

Vamwe vomumhuri vanodya mashizha nemichero, zvichikuvadza goho. Nekupinda kwakakura kwezvipembenene zvinonhuwa, zvidyarwa zvinogona kuparadzwa mumazuva mashoma.
Pamashizha nemabriji, zvipembenene zvinosiya shure kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi uye majiroji akadaro haana kukodzera kudya.
Turtle bug inokuvadza zvirimwa zvezviyo, kunyanya gorosi. Nekupinda kukuru kwezvipembenene, chirimwa chinokanganiswa zvakanyanya. Hupfu kubva kugorosi yakakuvadzwa neturtle bug haina kukodzera kudya.

Ko zvipukanana zvinonhuwa zvine ngozi kuvanhu

Nhukidzi dzinogara pamiti hadzisi njodzi kuvanhu. Iyo proboscis yavanobaya nayo zvirimwa yakapfava uye haigoni kubaya ganda remunhu.

Triatomine tsikidzi dzinogara munzvimbo dzinopisa, dzichikuvadza zvirimwa nemhuka. Vanoruma vanhu. Musangano nerudzi urwu rwetsikidzi kumunhu unogona kupera zvakaipa. Dambudziko nderokuti ivo vatakuri vehurwere hwekurara.
Panharaunda yeRussia pane bug-predator. Inogona kuruma kuburikidza neganda remunhu, kuruma kwayo kunofananidzwa nerumborera rwemava.
Ko tsikidzi dzemugadheni dzinoruma here?

Magadheni anodya muto wechirimwa. Iyo proboscis yekuboora madzinde nemashizha emiti yakapfava, uye haigoni kuboora ganda remunhu.

Kunhuwa kusingafadzi kwetsikidzi

Mune tsikidzi mu cephalothorax mune matinji anoburitsa kunhuhwirira kwavanoziva hama dzavo uye kukwezva mudiwa wekusangana. Muchiitiko chengozi, kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi kunoshanda kutyisa vavengi, kune zvimwe zvipembenene zvinogona kuva nechepfu uye kukonzera spasms, kuoma mitezo uye kunyange rufu.

Nzira yekubvisa sei kunhuwa

Iwe unogona kubvisa kunhuwa kwezvipembenene zvinonhuwa kubva kumusoro kana iwe uchinyatsogeza ne detergent. Geza hembe dzanga dzakapfekwa nemunhu panguva yekubata netwupembenene uchishandisa chinopfavisa machira kana sukurudza nemushonga wevhiniga.

Mapundu anonhuwa anopinda sei mumba

Kazhinji, nemukana, tsikidzi dzinonhuwa dzinopinda mumba, zvimwe zvikonzero zvinogoneka zvekupinda mukamuri:

  • inogona kubhururuka pahwindo rakashama;
  • tora kubva mumugwagwa pamwe chete nemiriwo, miriwo kana maruva;
  • munjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga munzvimbo dzekugara, izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nemoto, dutu remhepo kana mafashama.

Chipembenene chimwe hachizokuvadza zvakanyanya. Inogona kubatwa uye kutumirwa kumugwagwa. Kana zvipembenene zvenhovo, mushure mokupinda muimba, zvakagara mumaruva emukati uye zvinokuvadza, saka unoda kushandisa nzira dziripo dzekutonga.

Shield mhando.

Nzira dzekubata netsikidzi mumba uye panzvimbo

Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogona kushandiswa kudzora tsikidzi. Zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kushandiswa kwemakemikari hakugoneki, sezvo vane imwe nguva yechokwadi, uye mushure mekugadzirisa, miriwo nemichero zvichange zvisina kukodzera kudya. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, unogona kushandisa nzira yemagetsi kana mishonga yevanhu.

Makemikari

Kuchenjerera kukuru kunofanira kutorwa mukushandiswa kwemakemikari ekurapa miriwo, michero uye zviyo, sezvo mishonga yemakemikari inogona kuungana mumiti uye muvhu. Kunyanya kuchenjerera panguva yemaruva, kuumbwa kwemichero uye kusati kwave kukohwa. Mimwe mishonga yakazviratidza pachayo zvakanaka mukurwisa tsikidzi dzinonhuwa.

1
Actellic
9.7
/
10
More
2
Karbofos
9.5
/
10
More
3
Kemithos
9.3
/
10
More
4
Vantex
9
/
10
More
Actellic
1
Mushonga wepasi rose Antellik unoreva kubata-mudumbu tumbuyu.
Kuongororwa kwenyanzvi:
9.7
/
10

Inoshanda pane hurongwa hwehutachiwana hwehuputi, hunodzivisa kushanda kwenhengo dzose. Muvhu rakavhurika, inoramba ichishanda kusvika kumazuva gumi. Kugadziriswa kunoitwa pamhepo tembiricha ye +10 kusvika +15 madhigirii.

Плюсы
  • kukurumidza mhedzisiro;
  • kunyatsoshanda;
  • mutengo unonzwisisika.
Минусы
  • chepfu;
  • kunhuwa kunorwadza;
  • kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvakanyanya.
Karbofos
2
Broad spectrum mushonga wezvipembenene.
Kuongororwa kwenyanzvi:
9.5
/
10

Inodzvinyirira hurongwa hwemagetsi, izvo zvinotungamirira kurufu rwenhengo dzose. Inokanganisa tupukanana pamatanho ese ekukura, kusanganisira mazai.

Плюсы
  • kushanda kwepamusoro;
  • universal;
  • kupikisa kwekushisa kwepamusoro;
  • mutengo unonzwisisika.
Минусы
  • Kunhuhwirira kwakasimba;
  • toxicity.
Kemithos
3
Kemifos chigadzirwa chepasi rose chekudzivirira zvipembenene.
Kuongororwa kwenyanzvi:
9.3
/
10

Inopinda nemudumbu rekufema uye inouraya zvipembenene zvese mukati memaawa mashoma. Inochengetedza kuita kwayo kusvika kumazuva gumi. inoshanda kune vanhu vakuru, makonye nemazai.

Плюсы
  • universal;
  • kunyatsoshanda;
  • low toxicity;
  • mutengo unonzwisisika.
Минусы
  • ane kunhuhwirira kwakasimba;
  • haigoni kushandiswa panguva yemaruva uye michero yakagadzirwa;
  • inoda kunyatsoteerera kuyerwa.
Vantex
4
Vantex chizvarwa chitsva chezvipembenene chine muchetura wakaderera kana mitemo yedosi ichicherechedzwa.
Kuongororwa kwenyanzvi:
9
/
10

Inochengetedza maitiro ayo kunyangwe mvura yanaya. Kugara uchishandiswa kwezvinodhaka kunogona kupindwa muropa muzvipembenene.

Плюсы
  • low toxicity;
  • huwandu hwekuita kwemushonga hunobva ku +8 kusvika +35 degrees.
Минусы
  • zvine ngozi kune nyuchi nezvimwe zvipembenene zvinotakura mukume;
  • kugadzirisa kunoitwa mangwanani kana manheru maawa.

Biological control nzira

Munyika mumakore achangopfuura, vanhu vakawanda vari kuedza kushandisa nzira dzebiological kudzivirira zvirimwa kubva kune zvipembenene. Nechinangwa ichi, zvigadzirwa zvehupenyu kana zvimwe zvipembenene zvinoparadza zvipembenene zvinoshandiswa.

Kuparadza cruciferous stink bug, imwe utachiona inonzi trissolcus inoshandiswa.

Inoparadza mazai ebhugi uye inoderedza zvakanyanya nhamba yayo. Nzira dzakadai dzinonyanya kushandiswa nenyanzvi dzinoita kurima miriwo mumagreenhouse. Kugadzirira kweBiological kunoshandiswa pazvirongwa zvemunhu.

Bitoxibacillin mushonga une chikamu chikuru marara ebhakitiriya reBacillus thuringiensis. Utachiona uhwu hunogara muzvikamu zvepamusoro zvevhu uye pamusoro paro, hunobudisa spores dzine puroteni ine ngozi kune tsikidzi, iyo, kana ichipinda mumuviri wavo, inotanga kuora uye inoparadza hurongwa hwekudya. Chipembenene hachigoni kudya uye chinofa. Kuvanhu, mushonga uyu hauna ngozi.
Boverin inonzi bioinsecticide inoshanda chete pazvipembenene zvinokuvadza. Iyo spores yefungus, iyo iri chikamu chemushonga, inopinda kuburikidza nechifukidzo chechitinous chezvipembenene mumuviri wayo, inokura ipapo, zvishoma nezvishoma ichiuraya muenzi. Zvipembenene zvefungus zvakauya pamusoro pechipembenene chakafa zvinopinzwa muvanhu vanosangana uye nenzira iyi nhamba huru yezvipembenene inotapukirwa.

Folk kubheka

Nhukidzi dzinobuda munzvimbo dzadzo dzekuvanda muchirimo panobuda nhungirwa. Dzinokandira mazai pamashizha ezvirimwa uye dzichidya muto wadzo. Mushure mechinguva, mhute dzinotyisa dzinoonekwa kubva mumazai uye dzinokonzera kukuvadza kukuru kumiti. Mishonga yevanhu yekurwisa tsikidzi inonhuwa inoenderana nenharaunda uye inogona kushandiswa kubva panguva iyo chirimwa chaonekwa kusvika pakukohwa.

Kudzivirira zvipembenene, mishonga yevanhu yakadai inoshandiswa /

GarlicGarlic poda inonatswa mumvura. Tora maspuni mana pa 1 litre, sanganisa uye gadzira chirimwa.
Infusion ye onion peel200 magiramu eiii peel inodururwa ne 1 litre yemvura inopisa, yakasimbiswa kwezuva, yakasvibiswa. Iyo yakapedzwa infusion inounzwa kune 10 litita nekuwedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwemvura uye zvirimwa zvinorapwa shizha neshizha.
Mustard powder100 gramu yeupfu hwemasitadhi yakaoma inonatswa mu 1 litre yemvura inopisa, imwe 9 malita emvura inowedzerwa kumusanganiswa uye kudyara kunopfapfaidza.
decoctions yemishongaA decoction yegavakava, cloves, tsvuku tsvuku inoshandiswa pakupinda kwebug.
Black cohoshChimiro cheblack cohosh chakasimwa chakapoteredza munda, chinodzinga chipembenene kubva pamiti.

Kudzivirira kuonekwa kwezvipembenene zvinonhuwa

Matanho ekudzivirira anozobatsira kudzikisa huwandu hweanonhuwa tsikidzi pane saiti. Kupedzwa nenguva kwemamwe marudzi ebasa uye kutevedzera mimwe mitemo kuchabatsira kudzivirira chirimwa kubva kune zvipukanana:

  1. Nhukidzi dzinokandira mazai pamashizha esora. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kusakura zvirimwa panguva yakakodzera uye kubvisa sora kubva pamibhedha.
  2. Kuchengetwa kwenguva yakakodzera kwezvirimwa: kudiridza, kuisa fetereza, kusunungura ivhu, kuchawedzera kusadzivirirwa kwavo uye kuramba kurwiswa kwezvipembenene.
  3. Yakasimwa yakatenderedza mibhedha yezvirimwa zvinovhundutsa tupukanana.
  4. Miti yakadaro inobviswa kubva panzvimbo: chikwama chemufudzi, hiccups, colza. Vanokwezva tsikidzi.
  5. Zvirimwa kubva kumhuri yecruciferous zvinokohwewa uye zvinopiswa.

Pakuonekwa kwekutanga kwezvipembenene zvinonhuwa pane saiti, kurapwa kwezvirimwa kunoitwa kuitira kudzivirira kutaridzika kwezvipembenene.

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