Iyo inoshamisa chimiro chepete: maitiro ekunze uye mabasa enhengo dzemukati
Vanhu vanowanzosangana nemapete uye vanonyatsoziva zvavanotaridzika kubva kunze. Asi, vanhu vashoma vanofunga kuti twupukanana twupukanana utwu hwakarongwa sei mukati. Asi mapete ane chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa.
Zviri mukati
Ko mapete anoita sei
Kurongeka kwemapete kunosanganisira zvinopfuura 7500 zviuru zvinozivikanwa marudzi. Zvipembenene izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa kunenge pasirese uye kutaridzika kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana kunogona kusiyana zvakanyanya.
Misiyano mikuru ye interspecies ihukuru hwemuviri uye ruvara.
Kureba kwemuviri wemumiririri mudiki wekuraira ndeye 1,5 cm, uye yakakura inopfuura masendimita 10. Kana iri ruvara, zvichienderana nemhando, inogona kusiyana kubva kune yakatsvuka kana tsvuku kusvika kune yakasviba.
Kune mapete uye akajairika maficha ari munhengo dzese dzechikwata. Izvi zvinosanganisira chimiro chemuviri, izvo, pasinei nerudzi, zvichave zvakadzika uye oval. Chimwe chimiro chemhando yemapete ndeye yakaoma chitinous coating yemuviri wese nemakumbo.
Wakadii muviri wepete
Mitumbi yemapete ese akarongwa nenzira yakangofanana uye ine zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: musoro, chifuva uye dumbu.
musoro wepete
Nhengo zhinji dzemhuri yemapete dzine musoro wakakura, wakaita ovha kana katatu. Musoro unowanikwa perpendicular kune yese yemuviri uye wakavharwa zvishoma kubva kumusoro nemhando yenhovo yeprothorax. Pamusoro pechipembenene, unogona kuona maziso, antennae uye muromo midziyo.
oral equipment
Chikafu chinodyiwa nepete kazhinji chakasimba, saka nhengo dzemukanwa waro dzine simba chairo uye ndedzerudzi rwekurumwa. Zvikamu zvikuru zvemidziyo yemuromo ndezvi:
- Lambrum. Uyu ndiwo muromo wepamusoro, iyo yemukati yemukati yakafukidzwa neakawanda akakosha receptors uye inobatsira mapete kuona kuumbwa kwechikafu.
Chimiro chemuromo wepete.
- Mandibles. Iri izita repazasi peshaya dzechipembenene. Vanobatsira mapete kunyatsogadzirisa chimedu chechikafu asati aenda kuchidya.
- Maxilli. Chikamu chemumuromo ichi chinonzi shaya yepamusoro. Kungofanana neshaya dzezasi, maxillae inhengo dzakabatanidzwa. Ndivo vane basa rokuputsa nokutsenga zvokudya.
- labium. Chikamu chemuviri ichi chinonziwo muromo wezasi. Chinangwa chayo ndechekudzivirira chikafu kubva mumuromo. Zvakare, iyo labium yemapete yakashongedzerwa nema receptors anovabatsira mukutsvaga chikafu.
- Salivary gland. Inobatsira mapete kupfava uye kugaya zvokudya zvarinowana.
chimiro chemuviri
makumbo emapete
Sezvimwe zvipembenene, cockroach ine makumbo matatu emakumbo. Peya imwe neimwe inosungirirwa kune imwe yezvikamu zve thoracic uye inoita basa chairo.
| Front pair | Yakabatanidzwa kune pronotum yechipembenene uye inoibatsira kumira kamwe kamwe mushure mekukurumidza kumhanya, nokudaro ichiita basa rebhureki. |
| Middle pair | Yakasungirirwa kune mesonotum uye inopa iyo cockroach ine yakanakisa maneuverability nekuda kwekufamba kwakanaka. |
| back pair | Saizvozvo, yakabatanidzwa kune metanotum uye inoita basa guru mukufamba kwepete, sezvo "inosundira" chipembenene mberi. |
| Kugona kufamba wakatwasuka | Pamakumbo emapete kune mapedhi anokosha uye mazamu, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kufamba pamadziro. |
| Simba rekushandisa | Mitezo yezvipembenene zvine simba zvekuti inogona kusvika kumhanya kusvika 3-4 km / h. Izvi zvinoita kuti mapete aite senge cheetah munyika yezvipembenene. |
| bvudzi | Kana iwe ukatarisa makumbo ejongwe pedyo, unogona kuona kuti akafukidzwa nevhudzi duku rakawanda. Anoshanda semasensa ekubata uye anoita kune kakuzunguzika kana kushanduka kwemhepo. Nekuda kweiyi hypersensitivity, iyo cockroach inoramba isinganzwisisike kuvanhu. |
mapapiro emapete
Munenge marudzi ose emapete, mapapiro akanyatsogadzirwa. Asi, pasinei neizvi, vashomanana chete vanozvishandisa pakubhururuka, sezvo muviri wezvipembenene izvi unorema zvikuru. Mabasa makuru anoitwa nemapapiro ndeaya anotevera:
- mhanyisa chipembenene uchimhanya;
- ita separachute kana uchidonha kubva pakakwirira;
Mapapiro epete.
- inoshandiswa nevarume pakusvirana.
Chimiro uye nhamba yemapapiro ecockroach inenge yakafanana neyevamiririri veColeoptera order:
- pasi peya yakaonda yemapapiro;
- yepamusoro inodzivirira peya yakaoma elytra.
Nhengo dzemukati mepete
Mapete anoonekwa sechimwe chezvisikwa zvakatsiga papasi, uye vamwe vanhu vanogona kutorarama kwenguva yakati vasina musoro. Zvisinei, maumbirwo emuviri wavo mukati anoratidza kuti haana kunyanya kusiyana nezvimwe zvipembenene.
Digestive system
Digestive system yepete ine nhengo dzinotevera:
- esophagus;
- goiter;
- midgut kana dumbu;
- hindgut;
- rectum.
Nzira yekugaya mumapete ndeyotevera:
- Chikafu chinotanga kunyoroveswa uye kupfaviswa mukanwa nesalivary gland.
- Mushure mokunge inofamba nesophagus, pamadziro ayo mapete ane maruva anokosha. Aya mabukira anowedzerawo kukuya chikafu.
- Kubva pagurokuro, zvokudya zvinopinda muchirimwa. Iyi nhengo ine muscular structure uye inobatsira pakukuya kukuru kwekudya.
- Mushure mekugaya, chikafu chinotumirwa pakati uye zvakare kune hindgut, iyo inogarwa nema microorganisms akawanda anobatsira anobatsira chipembenene kurarama kunyange nemishonga inorganic compounds.
Circulatory system
Kutenderera kweropa kwemapete hakuna kuvharwa, uye ropa rezvipembenene izvi rinonzi hemolymph uye rine ruvara ruchena. Mvura inokosha inofamba zvishoma nezvishoma mukati memuviri wepete, izvo zvinoita kuti inyatsonzwa kushanduka kwetembiricha.
Kuporesa
Kuumbwa kwenhengo dzekufema system yemapete kunosanganisira:
- spiracles;
- tracheoles;
- tracheal hunde.
Spiracles maburi madiki ayo mweya unopinda nawo mumuviri wetumbuyu. Pamuviri wepete pane 20 spiracles, iyo iri kumativi akasiyana emudumbu. Kubva kune spiracles, mhepo inotumirwa kune tracheoles, iyo inotumirwa kune yakakora tracheal trunks. Pakazara, mapete ane 6 hunde dzakadaro.
Nervous System
Iyo cockroach's nervous organ system ine 11 nodes uye akawanda matavi anopa mukana kune nhengo dzese dzechipembenene.
Mumusoro wemustachioed pest pane maviri makuru node, ari rudzi rweuropi.
Ivo vanobatsira mapete maitiro uye vanopindura kune masaini anogamuchirwa kuburikidza nemeso uye antennae. Muchipfuva kune 3 hubs huru, iyo inomutsa nhengo dzemapete se:
- mapapiro;
- mitezo;
- muromo;
- pectoral tsandanyama dzechipembenene.
Dzimwe nerve nodes akaiswa mugomba redumbu cockroach uye vane basa rekushanda kwe:
- digestive system;
- hurongwa hwekubereka;
- nhengo dzekunzwa.
hurongwa hwekubereka
Mitezo yekubereka uye iyo yese yekuberekesa system yemapete yakaomesesa, asi zvisinei neizvi, ivo vanokwanisa kubereka nekumhanya kunoshamisa.
Kuberekwa kwemurume kunosanganisira:
- testes;
- utricular kana fungal gland;
- seminal vesicles;
- nhengo yebonde.
Nhengo dzechikadzi dzinosanganisira:
- ovaries;
- 2 oviducts;
- sex chamber;
- ovipositor.
Mapete echirume anoratidzwa nekuumbwa kwespermatophore, iyo inoshanda sevhavha yekudzivirira yembeu. Mukuita kusvirana, mhodzi inobuda muurume yoiswa mukamuri yesikarudzi yomukadzi kuti isanganise mazai. Mushure mekunge mazai asangana, ootheca inoumbwa mudumbu remukadzi - kapule yakakosha umo mazai anochengetwa kusvika aiswa.
mhedziso
Nyika yakatitenderedza inzvimbo inoshamisa umo mune zvinhu zvakawanda zvinongoshamisa. Chipenyu chimwe nechimwe chakasiyana nenzira yacho. Vanhu vazhinji havanyanyi kukosha kune zvipembenene, kusanganisira mapete - zvinongova zvipembenene zvinogara munharaunda. Asi, kunyange pakusikwa kwezvisikwa zviduku zvakadaro, zvisikwa zvaifanira kushanda nesimba.
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