Drosophila muchero unobhururuka: muchero mudiki "mupambi" unobvepi uye chii chine ngozi

Iye munyori wechinyorwa
445 maonero
5 min. yekuverenga

Mumwaka wekudziya, unogona kuona nhunzi diki dzinopinda munzvimbo yacho uye dzinonakidzwa nezvinosara zvemichero, waini kana majusi. Tupukanana twunosvota izvi inhunzi Drosophila kana Drosophila fruit fly. Vanoberekana zvikuru. Vanhu vakuru havarumi, asi mapere avo anokuvadza hutano hwevanhu. Kana iwe ukadya chikafu chavakagadzika, unogona kuwana chepfu.

Drosophila muchero nhunzi: mavambo emarudzi uye tsananguro

Drosophila nhunzi ndeyemhando yenhunzi dzemichero, mhuri yeDrosophila. Anobereka zvakanyanya uye anokandira mazai anosvika 2000 muhupenyu hwake hupfupi. Vakadzi nevarume vanosiyana mukukura uye chimiro chedumbu.

Kuonekwa
Chinhu chakasiyana cheDrosophila maziso maduku matsvuku. Muviri uri 1,5-3 cm muhukuru, yero-brown muruvara, vakadzi vakakura zvishoma kupfuura varume. Mapapiro akareba kupfuura muviri. Dumbu muvakadzi rine mitsetse ine muromo wakapinza, muvarume yakatenderedzwa, uye muromo wedumbu wakasviba. Drosophila mazai maduku zvikuru - 0,5 mm. Makonye ane shinda-mutete, machena.
Inogara kupi
Drosophila nhunzi kana nhunzi yemuchero inoonekwa mumwaka wekudziya uko kune miriwo kana michero, mumugwagwa mumidziyo yemarara, mumarara emichero yakaora nemichero, mumapindu. Fruit nhunzi dzinogona kuoneka mufurati, mumabhizinesi umo chikafu chinogadzirwa. Pose pane zvokudya zvinovakwanira.
Inodyei
Fruit nhunzi dzinoonekwa uko kune zvakasara zvezvinwiwa zvinotapira, jisi, michero. Vanokwezvwa nekunhuhwirira kwekuvirisa, saka zvipembenene izvi zvinonzi vhiniga kana nhunzi dzewaini. Vanogona kuonekwa pamusoro pemichero yakarasika, miriwo, tsvina yezvokudya. Drosophila larvae idiki kwazvo, uye inodya tupukanana tunokonzera chikafu chiore.
Zvimiro zvehunhu nemararamiro
Drosophila inobhururuka nekukurumidza, inogara ichipenya pamberi pemeso edu, ichiratidza chiitiko maawa angangoita makumi maviri nemana pazuva. Nhunzi dzemuchero dzinoita 24 wing beats pasekondi, dzinofamba zviri nyore, uye dzinokwanisa kushandura ipapo 250 madhigirii.

Social Structure muDrosophila

Imwe hadzi inokandira mazai anosvika 80 panguva, kubva ipapo nhunzi dzinobuda pashure penguva yakati. Nokudaro, panguva imwechete, kune zvakawanda zvezvibereko zvinobhururuka pane zvigadzirwa. Hadzi inokwanisa kuchengeta mvura yembeu, uye mushure mekusangana kamwe chete, inogona kukandira mazai kakawanda.
Drosophila inokura nekuwanda nekukasira, mhunga dzadzo dzinogona kugara munzvimbo ine mvura uye kwete kunyura, nekuda kwemakamuri anoyangarara ari mumuviri wavo. Kana iwe usingapindire muhupenyu hwavo uye usarasa zvigadzirwa zvavanogara uye kubereka, ipapo mhuri yavo ichawedzera nekukurumidza. 

Iyo Drosophila Inobereka sei

Mushure mekusangana, mukadzi ane urume anoisa mazai, mune imwe clutch anogona kubva pa50 kusvika ku80 zvidimbu. Mazai anochochonya kuita mhungu, mhunga pupate, uye vanhu vakuru vanobuda mupupa. Uye kutenderera kwehupenyu kunoenderera mberi.

Vakadzi nevarume vanosiyana muhukuru uye chimiro chedumbu. Madzimai akati kurei kupfuura varume, dumbu ravo rine mitsetse nemuromo wakapinza, muvarume rakakomberedzwa nemuromo mutema.

Drosophila: murume nemukadzi.

hupenyu hwechipembenene

Drosophila nguva yekuvandudza ndeye 10-20 mazuva, uye zvinoenderana neambient tembiricha. Hadzi inokandira mazai ayo mumuchero unoora. Kwapera zuva, mazai anochochonya kuita mhungu. mhute inorarama uye inodya kwemazuva mashanu, ichipfuura nepakati maviri molts, pupate. Iyo pupal stage inotora kusvika mazuva mashanu, uye vanhu vakuru vanoonekwa. Mushure mokusiya pupa, hadzi dzakagadzirira kukwira mumaawa gumi nemaviri.

What Is A Fuit Fly Drosophila Doing At Your Kitchen? Where did Drosophila flies come from?

Drosophila inobhururuka vavengi venyama

Drosophila inenge isina vavengi venyama, sezvo vachigara zvakanyanya mumba. Vamwe vanhu vanogona kupinda muwebhu kune dandemutande, asi izvi zvinoitika kashoma.

Musango, nhunzi dzemichero dzinogona kubatwa nezvimwe zvipembenene nezvinomera zvinodya nyama, uye dzinogona kukwezvwa nekunhuhwirira kunoita zvinomera.

Zvizhinji zvenhunzi dzinonetsa dzinonetsa munhu, uye anoedza kudzibvisa nenzira dzose.

Kuwanda kwevanhu uye mamiriro emarudzi

Drosophila nhunzi dzakagoverwa kunenge pasi rose, kunze kwenzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze anotonhora. Mhuri yavo ndeimwe yeakawanda, genus yavo inosanganisira anopfuura 1500 marudzi. Tupembenene twakawanda zvikuru uye hadzi inokwanisa kukandira mazai kusvikira mazuva ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwayo. Huwandu hwezvipembenene izvi huri kuramba huchikura uye hapana chinohutyisidzira.

Nhunzi dzemichero dzinoonekwa sei mufurati

Nhunzi dzemuchero idiki kwazvo uye dzinogona kupinda mufurati nenzira dzakasiyana:

Chii chinokuvadza nhunzi yemuchero uye pane zvinobatsira kubva pairi

Kukuvadza: vanhu vakuru havana ngozi kuvanhu. Asi kana iwe ukadya michero inotapukirwa nemhou, unogona kuwana chepfu yezvokudya, kana kutapukirwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona kana myiasis.
Kubatsira: Masayendisiti anoshandisa nhunzi dzemichero pakutsvakurudza. Iyo genotype yenhunzi yakafanana neyemunhu genotype. Vatsvagiri vanoitisa zviedzo, vanodzidza maitiro ekuchinja kwemajini uye nhaka yezvirwere zvine njodzi.
Vamwe vanoda hove dzinokambaira nedzemumvura vanoberekesa nhunzi diki dzechipfuwo chekudya, kunyanya mafomu adzo asina mapapiro, ayo ari nyore kubata mhuka dzinogara munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka kana kuti mumvura.

Ko nhunzi dzemuchero dzinoruma

Nhunzi dzemuchero hadzikuvadzi. Havaruma munhu, havadyi paropa rake uye havatakuri zvirwere zvine ngozi. Asi mukati mawo, chitarisiko chadzo muhari dzemaruva kana pamichero, uye kunzvengesa kwadzo pamberi pemeso, hazvifadzi.

Drosophila: inofarira geneticists.

Nzira yekubata nayo nhunzi dzemichero

Iwe unogona kurwisana nemichero nhunzi nerubatsiro rwemakemikari nemishonga yevanhu. Chokutanga pane zvose, unoda kuwana chitubu chetachiona, chinogona kuparara michero kana miriwo, zvakasara zvinwiwa zvine shuga uye uzvirase.

Unogona kuparadza Drosophila uchishandisa anotevera makemikari:

  • aerosols kurwisa nhunzi: Dichlorvos, Kombat, Raptor;
  • fumigators;
  • Velcro yakanatswa nemuchero muto;
  • zvinodzinga zvipembenene.

Iwe unogona kugadzira machira uye misungo iwe pachako:

  • dururira chero mvura inotapira, muto, chinwiwa chinotapira, mvura ine shuga mukapu yakafara uye yakadzika, wedzera madonhwe mashoma emushonga wekusuka ndiro ipapo. Nhunzi dzinosvika pakunhuwa, dzinowira mumvura;
  • gura mutsipa webhodhoro repurasitiki, kuderedza michero yakachekwa kusvika pasi uye simbisa kumusoro nefirimu yezvokudya, uchiita maburi maduku mairi. Drosophila ichanhuwa chibereko uye ichapinda mukati memudziyo, asi havazokwanisi kudzoka;
  • nenzira yakafanana, funnel ine mutsipa wakamanikana inogona kuiswa mubhodhoro. Nhunzi dzichakambaira dzichidya muchero, asi hadzichakwanisi kudzoka.
Drosophila bait.

Kudzivirira

Nzira yakanakisa yekubvisa nhunzi kuziva kunobva nhunzi dzemichero uye kudzivirira kuti dzisaoneke.

  1. Rasa tsvina yezvokudya, kunyanya zvakasara zvemichero nemiriwo.
  2. Usasiya michero nemiriwo patafura kwenguva yakareba, asi zvichengete mufiriji.
  3. Chengetedza magaba emarara akachena, bvisa tsvina yetsvina nemakemikari zuva nezuva.
  4. Chengeta chikafu nemazvo, kurasa chikafu chakaora nenguva.
  5. Tarisa mahari emaruva emukati kune zvipembenene uye usaadiridza nemashizha etii kana mvura yekofi.
  6. Usasiye ndiro dzakasviba mushure mekudyisa mhuka dzinovaraidza.
  7. Paunenge uchitenga, tarisa miriwo uye michero, zvienzaniso zvakakanganiswa zvinogona kutapukirwa nemazai kana michero nhunzi.
  8. Vhara mahwindo, mazariro emhepo nemambure, sezvo nhunzi dzinogona kupinda mukamuri kuburikidza navo.
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