Ndiani gadfly: mufananidzo, tsananguro uye migumisiro yekusangana neropa reropa

Iye munyori wechinyorwa
416 maonero
9 min. yekuverenga

Mhunzi inoita senhunzi huru, kune marudzi anopfuura 170 etwupukanana utwu munyika. Pane pfungwa yokuti nhunzi dzinosveta ropa, asi vanhu vakuru havarumi uye havadyi zvachose. Kune vanhu, gadfly yeganda remunhu chete, inogara muCentral America, ine njodzi; magonye ayo anopararisa mumuviri wemunhu. Mamwe marudzi anoparadza mhuka.

Kwakabva rudzi uye tsananguro

Mhungu ndeye mhuri yeDiptera, chipembenene chinoshandisa mhuka kubereka. Imhando ye synanthropic, sezvo inogara pedyo nenzvimbo yekugara kwemunhu. Mhuri yehudfly ine mhuri ina:

  • subcutaneous gadflies;
  • gastric;
  • nasopharyngeal;
  • nhunzi.

Mhuri dzose idzi dzinosiyana kubva kune imwe neimwe munzira iyo gonye rinopinda nayo mumuviri wemhuka. Chimiro chemuviri wezvipembenene izvi zvakafanana, zvakasiyana mune zviduku zvishoma.

Insect gadfly.

Ko nhunzi yakaita sei

Muviri wegudo une oval, wakafukidzwa ne villi, kureba kwayo 1,5-3 cm. Kune maziso makuru pamusoro pemusoro, muromo muduku zvikuru, kana kuti haupo zvachose. Iyo gadfly ine makumbo matatu emakumbo, maviri epamberi ipfupi pane mamwe, mapapiro anopenya akareba zvishoma kupfuura muviri.
Muvara wemuviri unogona kuva wemhando dzakasiyana-siyana: tsvuku, grey, ine tint yebhuruu. Zvipembenene zvinogara kuzasi kwelatitudes zvinogona kuva neruvara rwemuviri wakajeka, nemitsara yeorenji nemitema.
Muviri wegonye unosvika 2-3 cm kureba, zvichienderana nerudzi rwezvipembenene. Iyo yakakamurwa, chena-grey muruvara. Mhuka inofamba nemuviri wemunhu akabatwa nerubatsiro rwemakwenzi-hooks ari pamuviri wayo.

Mararamiro uye chimiro chemagariro

Iyo gadfly inogara munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya kana anodziya, kuunganidza kukuru kwenhunzi kunoonekwa padhuze nenzvimbo dzinowanikwa mhuka dzesango uye dzepamusha, kunyanya uko kune hunyoro hwakawanda, idzi inzvimbo dzekudiridza pedyo nemvura. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwegadhi, nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeparasitism dzinoshandiswa. Mhuka dzemagadfly dzekusvirana dzinogara dzichibhururuka dzichienda kunzvimbo imwe chete inoungana vakadzi.

Madzimai anobereka zvakanyanya, munhu anogona kukandira mazai anosvika mazana matanhatu nemakumi mashanu.

Mhungu inodyei

Mhunzi dzechikuru hadzidye, asi dzinoshandisa matura adzinenge dzaunganidza dziri padanho remakonye. Mhuka, iri mumuviri weakabatwa, inodya pamvura yeropa, inotora zvinhu zvinobatsira kubva mairi uye panguva imwechete inobudisa mvura yakawanda inokonzera kurwadziwa kwakanyanya uye kuzvimba mukati memuviri.
Mhuka dzemhungu dzinofamba nemuviri wemhuka kubva pasi zvichikwira, dzimwe dzinosvika kuuropi, maziso, dzimwe dziri pasi peganda, dzichidya nemari yemuridzi wadzo. Kana ikabatwa nenhamba yakawanda yezvipembenene, mhuka inoderedza uremu, inopera simba uye, mumatambudziko makuru, inotungamirira kurufu.

Kubereka

Hadzi dzine urume dzinokandira mazai, kuchitsamira parudzi rwacho, uhwu hungava huswa, chimwe chipembenene icho hadzi inokandira mazai ayo, kana kuti mhuka iyo inogadzira makushe pairi. Kubva pamazai, mapere anooneka, ayo anoparadza mukati memuviri wemhuka. Mhuka inosiya muviri wemhuka, uye inoenda kuvhu, pupate ipapo, uye mushure mechinguva, chipembenene chikuru chinobuda mupupa, chakagadzirira kukwira.

Gadfly larvae! Zvipembenene mutsoko

Hupenyu hwemhungu

Mhungu inopinda mumatanho mana ekukura: zai, gonye, ​​pupa, chipembenene chevakuru. Chikamu chega chega chekusimudzira chinoenderana nekupisa kwemhepo, uye kuti ndeipi mhuka inotakura mapere. Chete mumhando dzegorofu gadflies hapana nhanho yezai, vakadzi vanobereka mhenyu.

Ivha

Zai rakapendwa jena kana yero, rine oval kana cylindrical muchimiro. Mune mamwe marudzi, zai rine chivharo, kana kuti appendages, rinoribata zvakasimba kubvudzi.

Hadzi inokandira mazai ayo panzvimbo ine mvere yeganda remunhu akabatwa kana pauswa. Pamhuka, anosarudza nzvimbo ine mvere shoma uye inonamatira mazai 2-3 kune rimwe nerimwe bvudzi.

Dzinokura kubva pamazuva matatu kusvika kumasvondo matatu, makonye anooneka mushure memazuva mashoma anopinda mukati memhuka oenderera mberi nekukura kwawo.

Mazai nemakonye emhungu.

Gadfly larva

Muviri wegonye wakakamurwa, chena-grey. Gonye risati rashanduka kuita pupa, rinopfuura nemuma molts akawanda. Mhuka yechikamu chekutanga inokura kwemazuva akati wandei pamusoro uye inotora midzi pasi peganda.
Kune zvikorekedzo pamuviri wegota kumativi ose maviri, nerubatsiro rwayo inofamba uye inopinda mumuviri wemhuka. Mhungu dzemhando dzakasiyana dzehudfly dzinofamba nemutsinga dzeropa dzemhuka kuenda kusophagus kana pasi peganda uye kukura nekudyisa ipapo.
Mambure ematanho 2-3 anosvika pakukura, munguva ino yenguva anowedzera ka10, achipfuura nemolting, uye kuburikidza nefistulas paganda kana netsvina inobuda, inopinda muvhu uye pupate ipapo.

Doll

Mbeu zvishoma nezvishoma inoshanduka kuita pupa, shanduko yakadaro inogona kugara kusvika mazuva manomwe. Mukati mepupa, chipembenene chinokura kwemazuva 7-30. Chipembenene chakura chabuda mumhupu chinobva chagadzirira kukwira nekubereka.

Upenyu hurefu hwenhunzi

Munguva yehupenyu hwayo hupfupi, imago haidyi, asi inodya zvakachengetwa zvayakaunganidza padanho remakonye. masheya akadaro anokwana kwemazuva makumi maviri nerimwe. Mumamiriro okunze ekunaya, kana nhunzi isingabhururuke, matura ayo anokwana kusvika mazuva makumi matatu. Munguva iyi, chipembenene chinorasikirwa ne21/30 yehuremu hwacho uye chinofa. Kutenderera kwakazara kubva pakuonekwa kwezai kusvika pakusunungurwa kwemunhu mukuru kunopedzwa nechipembenene mugore re1.

Hupenyu hwemamwe marudzi emhungu.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemahochi nenhunzi

Kunze, mvura uye nhunzi dzakafanana, asi dzinosiyana muhukuru uye ndeyemhando dzakasiyana dzezvipembenene. Asi zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe munzira yekudyisa.

NhunziBofu
Vanhu vakuru vezvipembenene havaiti kutyisidzira kune vanhu kana mhuka, sezvo vane muromo wakashama, kana kuti idiki kwazvo, uye muhupenyu hwavo hwese havadyi, ndoda kuruma.

Njodzi inomiririrwa nemapere avo, anokura mumuviri wemhuka kana munhu.		Horfly varume havana ngozi kune vanhu kana mhuka, uye mushure mekusangana kwevakadzi, vanodya nekita yemaruva, muto wezvirimwa, uye zvinotapira zveaphid. Nhunzi yebhiza inogona kudya zvokudya zvine makabhohaidhireti, asi pashure pokunge yasangana, nokuda kwokukura kwemazai, inoda mapuroteni, ayo anogamuchira nokudyisa ropa. Nokudaro, mabhiza ebhiza chete anoruma, kurumwa kwawo kunorwadza zvikuru.

Nzvimbo yekuruma inoshanduka tsvuku, inozvimba, inova dense, tembiricha yemuviri inogona kukwira. Mukadzi anopinza muchetura muronda, izvo zvinogona kumutsa allergy kana kutokonzera anaphylactic shock. Inenge 10% yekurumwa nehorsefly inoguma nekufa.

Mhunzi dzinogara kupi

Zvipembenene izvi zvinogara pasi rose, kunze kwenzvimbo dzinogara dziri pasi pezero. MuRussia, kune mamwe marudzi emhute muUrals neSiberia. Asi mhando zhinji dzenhunzi dzinogara uye dzinoberekera munzvimbo dzinodziya.

Zvipembenene zvine ngozi kuvanhu zvinogara munzvimbo dzinopisa.

Kuti dzibereke, nhunzi dzinoda mhuka, uye dzinogara pedyo nekwadzinogara. Zvipembenene zvinoda kupisa uye unyoro, saka nhamba huru yevanhu inogona kuwanikwa pedyo nemitumbi yemvura apo mhuka dzinouya kuzonwa.

Mhunzi dzinoda mwando nekudziya.

Iwo makuru marudzi ehudhi: mufananidzo uye tsananguro

Mhuri yese yenhunzi yakakamurwa kuita 4 subfamilies, iyo inosiyana nenzira yavanounzwa nayo mumuviri weakabatwa.

Gastric gadfly (Bhiza)
Horse gadfly, parasitizing mudumbu remabhiza nembongoro, inowanikwa munzvimbo dzose dzinowanikwa mhuka idzi. Hadzi inokandira mazai pamusoro pemhuka nemakumbo nemakumbo, pahuswa painodya. Makonye anochochonywa kubva mumazai anopinda muchikamu chekudya kuburikidza nemuromo, umo anokura uye anobuda pamwe chete netsvina.
Nzombe (Hypodermic gadfly)
Rudzi rwakanyanya kuwanda rwema subcutaneous gadflies ibovine. Inopararisa mombe. Mukadzi anonamatira kumazai, rimwe kune rimwe bvudzi rimwe nerimwe, zvipembenene zvakachochonywa zvinoputika mukati meganda uye zvinotamira mumatishu emhuka. Mushure molting, vanofamba pasi peganda kumusana wavo. Ikoko, makonye anoita fistula ayo anogamuchira mweya uye ayo anobva ashandisa kubuda.
Nasopharyngeal gadflies
Vamiriri venasopharyngeal gadflies ndeye cavity gwai gadfly uye Russian gadfly. Makwai anogara pambudzi nemakwai, uye chiRussian - pamabhiza nemadhongi. Hadzi dzemugodhi dzinobereka mhungu mhenyu dzichimwaya mumhino nemumaziso emhuka nevanhu vari panhunzi. Makonye anofamba opinda mumaziso, mhino, kupinda mumboni yeziso, mumhino nepamberi, mu nasopharynx. Vanogara mumatishu uye vanokonzera myiasis.
Chipembere chevanhu (dermal)
Gadfly yeganda remunhu inowanikwa muCentral America chete. Hadzi inokandira mazai pamuviri wenhunzi kana mosquito. Chipembenene chinosungirirwa mazai enhunzi chinogara pamunhu, mapere anoonekwa kubva mumazai uye anobva angoruma nemumigero uye anofamba pasi peganda. Sezvo vagara mumuviri wemunhu, vanokura uye vanokonzera myiasis.

Ndeipi njodzi yemakonye egadfly kuvanhu nemhuka

Parasitizing mumuviri wemunhu, gadfly larva inokonzera kukuvadza kukuru kwairi.

  1. Ichifamba pasi peganda, inodyisa uye inoonekwa munzvimbo dzekuzvimba uye suppuration, dzimwe nguva zvichitungamira mukudhakwa.
  2. Njodzi inopinda mumboni yeziso kana muuropi. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, kutapukirwa kwevanhu nemhute yegorofu kunotungamirira kurufu.

Kupinda mumuviri wemhuka, gonye remhungu rinodya zvinhu zvinobatsira kubva munyama yaro uye rinofamba-famba nemuviri, richikanganisa nhengo dzomukati. Mhuka inova isina simba, inorwara, kubuda ropa kwemukati kunogona kutanga, izvo zvinotungamirira kurufu.

Zvipembenene zveGadfly.

Utachiona nzira

Gadfly manyoka anogona kupinda mumuviri wemunhu nenzira dzakasiyana:

  • kana dziri pachipembenene. Kuburikidza negomba mushure mekurumwa kwake, vanogona kupinda pasi peganda uye kukura ipapo;
  • madzimai emudumbu gadfly anopfapfaidza mhute mhenyu, iyo inogona kupinda mucous membranes, mumaziso uye kukura ipapo;
  • mazai egadfly anogona kupinda mumuviri panguva yekudya kana muronda rakashama;
  • vanogona kufemerwa kana vakangoerekana vapinda mumuchu membrane;
  • kana mukadzi akaisa mazai pamusoro pemusoro, uye mapere akapinda pasi peganda.

Mhuka dzinogona kutapukirwa negonye nekudya huswa hwakakandwa mazai. Achivananzva kubva pamusoro pemakumbo, mutsipa, muviri, kubva panzvimbo idzo hadzi dzakaisa mazai ayo. Zvakare, mhuka dzinogona kutambura nekurwiswa kwegoti gadfly. Kana zvipembenene zvikapinda munhengo dzekufema dzemakwai, dzinogona kukura swirl kana pneumonia, iyo inotungamirira kurufu rwemhuka.

Zviratidzo, mhedzisiro uye kurapwa kwekurumwa negadfly

Iyo gadfly hairume, asi gonye, ​​richikwira paganda, rinogadzira gomba iro rinopinda naro mukati. Izvi zvinogona kunzi gadfly bite. Mavara anotevera anogona kuoneka pamuviri: chivara chitsvuku chine doti dema pakati, nekufamba kwenguva chivara chinogona kuita bhuruu. Nzvimbo yakadaro inogona kunge iri imwe, kana panogona kunge paine akati wandei ari pedyo. Panewo marwadzo nekukwenya. Kudzvinyirira uye kupisa kwemuviri kunogona kuwedzera. Vamwe vanhu vanova neallergies.
Mhedzisiro yekuiswa kwegota inogona kuenderana nekuti zvaigoneka kuibvisa nenguva, kana kuti yakaenda kutama kuburikidza nematishu emuviri. Kana ikakura pasi peganda, ipapo miases inooneka, fistulas iyo iyo maruva anobuda. Kutama nemuviri, mhute inogona kukuvadza nhengo dzomukati dzemunhu, izvo zvinogona kuguma nemigumisiro yakakomba. Kana zvipembenene zvikapinda muuropi, mhedzisiro inouraya inogoneka.
Kana pane fungidziro yekuti gadfly larva yapinda mumuviri wemunhu, saka iwe unofanirwa kutsvaga rubatsiro kubva kune parasitologist. Chiremba anovhiya anobvisa maruva, kuvhiyiwa kunoitwa pasi peanesthesia yemunharaunda. Chiremba wako anogonawo kukupa anti-parasitic mishonga. Kana iwe ukasabvisa parasite nenguva, ipapo matambudziko akasiyana anogona kukura. Sepsis inogona kukura, allergic ganda rashes ichaonekwa.

Kudzivirirwa kwehutachiona negota regorofu

Paunenge uchienda kune zvakasikwa, zvakakosha kuti utarise mashoma ekurudziro kuitira kuti urege kubatwa nenhunzi dzinogara munzvimbo dzine hunyoro uye dzinodziya, pedyo nevanhu:

  • zvipfeko zvekufamba mumasikirwo hazvifanirwe kunge zvakapenya, sezvo mavara akajeka anokwezva kwete nhunzi chete, asiwo zvimwe zvipembenene zvinokuvadza;
  • kuvhara muviri nemaoko zvakanyanya sezvinobvira nezvipfeko;
  • usashandise zvinonhuwira, kunhuhwirira kunofadza kunokwezva ropasuckers;
  • bata zvipfeko uye muviri nemidziyo yekudzivirira kana yekudzivirira;
  • mafuta anonhuwira anogona kushandiswa kudzinga zvipembenene: clove, orenji, mint;
  • shongedza nzvimbo yekurasira marara uye chimbuzi kure nenzvimbo yekuzorora;
  • vhara ngoro yemwana nemambure anokosha.

Kuwanda kwevanhu uye mamiriro emarudzi

Nhunzi dzinowanikwa munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya uye anodziya uye hapana chinotyisidzira huwandu hwadzo. Mhunzi dzechikadzi dzakawanda uye dzine vavengi vashoma. Mamiriro ezvipenyu haakonzerwi nemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza munzvimbo dzekugara.

MuRussia, marudzi mazhinji emapunzi anogara muSiberia, Urals uye Northern kumatunhu, pedyo zvipfuwo mapurazi uye mafuro. Kuti utachiona huderedze, vapfuyi vezvipfuyo vanorapa mhuka nenzvimbo dzadzo dzemafuro nekunwisa mvura. Ita matanho ekudzivirira anobatsira kuderedza kuwanda kwezvipembenene zvine ngozi.

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