Masvosve Vakuru uye Mazai: Tsanangudzo yeChipembenene Hupenyu Cycle

Iye munyori wechinyorwa

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3 min. yekuverenga

Vamiriri vemhuri yemasvosve vakaparadzirwa zvakafara munyika yose. Zvipembenene izvi zvinozivikanwa nokuda kwesimba razvo, kushanda nesimba, uye mararamiro anoshamisa akaoma uye akarongeka. Anenge marudzi ese emajuru anogara mumakoroni uye munhu wega wega ane hunyanzvi hwayo uye mabasa akajeka. Muchiitiko ichi, nhamba yevanhu mune imwe koloni inogona kusvika makumi akawanda kana kunyange mazana ezviuru.

Zviri mukati

Majuru anoberekana sei?
- Ndeapi matanho ekukura kwemajuru?
mhedziso

Majuru anoberekana sei?

Masvosve anokwanisa kuberekana nekukasika. Nguva yekusangana kwezvipembenene izvi inonzi "nuptial flight." Zvichienderana nerudzi rwemajuru uye mamiriro ekunze, kutanga kwechikamu ichi chekubereka kunoitika kubva munaKurume kusvika munaChikunguru uye kunogona kubva pamavhiki akati wandei kusvika kumwedzi yakati wandei.

Hupenyu hwesvosve.

Panguva ino, vakadzi vane mapapiro nevarume vanoenda kunotsvaga shamwari yekusangana. Kana munhu akakodzera awanikwa, fertilization inoitika. Mushure mekusangana, mukono unofa, uye hadzi inodonhedza mapapiro ayo, inovaka dendere uye inotanga boka idzva rezvipembenene mukati maro.

Urume hunenge hwasara hunowanikwa nehadzi kubva kumurume pakusvirana hunokwanisa kuberekesa mazai kweupenyu hwayo hwose, nepo masvosve achigona kurarama kubva pamakore 10 kusvika ku20.

Ndeapi matanho ekukura kwemajuru?

Vamiriri vemhuri yemasvosve ndevezvipembenene zvine kutenderera kwakazara kwekukura uye munzira yekuve vanhu vakuru, vanopfuura nematanho akati wandei.

Ivha

Madiki mukukura, mazai esvosve haagare akatenderedzwa. Kazhinji ivo vane oval kana oblong. Iyo yakareba kureba kwemazai haipfuuri 0,3-0,5 mm. Pakarepo mushure mokunge hadzi yakandira mazai, anotorwa nevanhu vanoshanda vane mutoro wevana vanotevera. Aya masvosve ane mukoti anotakura mazai aya mukamuri yakakosha, kwaanonamatira akati wandei pamwe chete nemate, achigadzira izvo zvinonzi "mapakeji".

Mumavhiki maviri kana matatu anotevera, masvosve anoshanda anogara achishanyira matendere ezai uye anonanzva zai rega rega. Mate evakuru ane huwandu hwakakura hwekudya, uye kana akawira pamusoro pezai resvosve, anotorwa nemugoko uye kudyisa embryo. Mukuwedzera kune basa rayo rekudya, saliva yemasvosve akura anoitawo seantiseptic, kudzivirira kukura kwefungus uye microbes pamusoro pemazai.

Larva

Kana zai rakura, gonye rinobuda mariri. Izvi zvinowanzoitika mushure memazuva 15-20. Neziso rakashama, zvakaoma kusiyanisa vana vachangoberekwa kubva mazai. Idzo dzakangoita diki, dzakaita yero-chena, uye hadzina kufamba. Pakangochochonya gonye kubva muzai, majuru anoaendesa kune imwe kamuri. Panguva ino yekukura, masvosve emangwana haana makumbo, maziso, kana kunyange antennae.

Iyo chete nhengo yakaumbwa zvakakwana padanho iri muromo, saka humwe hupenyu hwehuputi hunoenderana zvachose nerubatsiro rwemasvosve evashandi. Vanokuya nekunyorovesa chikafu chakasimba nemate, uye vanodyisa huturu hunobuda kumakonye. Makonye ane havi yakanaka kwazvo. Nekuda kweizvi, vanokura nekukurumidza uye nekukurumidza kana huwandu hwakakwana hwezvinovaka muviri hunowedzera mumuviri wavo, iyo pupation inotanga.

Doll

Mapupa ane oval cocoons, yellowish-beige kana light brown muruvara. Mune mamwe marudzi, chikoko chinogona kupenya kana kusavapo zvachose, nekuda kweiyo silhouette yetumbuyu inokura inogona kuonekwa. Masvosve ndiwo anoita kuti vanhu vafunge kuti mazai, sezvo vanhu vakuru vachiwanzoatakura. Mazuva 35-45 mushure mekusununguka, masvosve achangobva kuumbwa anozvarwa.

Zvipembenene zviduku kazhinji hazvigoni kubuda mukoko pachako, saka vanhu vanoshanda vanouya zvakare kuzonunura. Madziro ekoko akanyanya kuoma uye "vechiduku" havakwanisi kuputsa, sezvo ganda rayo richiri rakanyanyisa uye rakanyorova. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa muruvara rwevanhu vachangobva kuberekwa, sezvo muviri wavo wakareruka uye unopenya. Mushure memazuva 2-3, ruvara rwejuru rinosviba, uye rinova nhengo yakazara yekoloni.

Imago

Masvosve akakura akabuda mukoko anogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka akati wandei:

varume vane mapapiro;
vakadzi vane mapapiro;
vakadzi vasina mapapiro.

Hono nehadzi dzine mapapiro dzinobuda mudendere pane imwe nguva dzoenda pamusoro kuti dzinosangana. Ndivo vakavamba makoroni matsva. Asi vakadzi vasina mapapiro vanongoshanda vanhu vanorarama kweanenge makore 2-3 uye vanopa hupenyu hwehupenyu hwese anthill.

Majuru.

mhedziso

Masvosve zvisikwa zvinoshamisa zvinomutsa kufarira kwete chete pakati peentomologists, asiwo pakati pevanhuwo zvavo. Kutenderera kwavo kwekukura hakusi kunyanya kusiyana nenyuchi, butterflies kana nyuchi, asi munyika yezvipembenene zvakaoma zvikuru kuwana avo vacharatidza chiyero chakafanana chekucherechedza uye kutarisira kuvana vavo.

AntsMyrmecophilia hukama huri pakati peaphid nesvosve.

Zvadaro

AntsKo vashandi vanoshingaira vane rugare: ita masvosve kurara