Ko gonye resiririka rinotaridzika sei uye maitiro aro
Micheka yakasikwa yakave yakakurumbira kwemazana emakore akawanda. Nekuda kwegonye resiririka, sirika yakaonekwa. Iri jira rinodiwa nevakadzi vefashoni nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakapfava uye chakatsetseka.
Zviri mukati
Ko chikohwe chesilika chinotaridzika sei: mufananidzo
Tsanangudzo uye mavambo
Silkworm ishavishavi remhuri yeChokwadi silkworm.
Pane vhezheni yekuti sirika yakagadzirwa kubva kune kapembenene kare 5000 BC. Mushure menguva yakakosha yenguva, maitiro ekugadzira haana kuchinja zvakanyanya.
Muchikamu chepasi rose, chipembenene chinonzi "silk death". Chinangwa chikuru mukugadzira ndechekudzivirira butterflies kuti asabhururuke kunze kwekoko - izvi zvinobatsira pakuchengetedzwa kweshinda yesilika. Kuti uite izvi, pupa inofanira kufa mukati mekoko, iyo inogoneka nerubatsiro rwekushisa kwepamusoro.
| Wingspan | Kureba kwemapapiro kunobva ku40 - 60 mm. Zvisinei, zvipfukuto hazvibhururuke. Hono dzinokwanisa kubhururuka chinhambwe chipfupi kana dzasangana. |
| Kugara uye kudya | Zvipembenene zvinogara pamiti yemurubheri (mulberries). Vanhu vazhinji vanoda mulberries ane muto uye anotapira. Zvisinei, gonye resiririka rinodya mashizha chete. Makonye anoadya zuva rose. Iyi nzira inoratidzirwa nekunzwika kukuru. |
| Kusikwa kwekoko | Mushure menguva yekuyamwisa, makonye anotanga kuruka chikoko. Pamwoyo wekoko pane shinda yesiririka inopfuurira. Hue ipingi, yero, chena, yegirinhi. Kazhinji chena inosarudzwa. Mamwe marudzi anoberekwa kuti abudise shinda yeruvara irworwo. |
| Kuonekwa | Chipfukuto hachioneki. Zvakafanana nechipfukuto chikuru. Bhavishavi rine mapapiro makuru egrey ane mitsetse yakasviba. Muviri wakakura une dense light villi. 2 antennae mumusoro akafanana nescallops. |
| Larva | Gonye idiki chaizvo. Saizi haina kupfuura 3 mm. Pasinei neizvi, anodya mashizha masikati neusiku uye anowedzera uremu. |
| Moulting process | Mumazuva mashomanana, kunyunguduka kunoitika ka4 uye gonye rakanaka rinowanikwa, rine ruvara rwepearl. Kusvika 8 cm kureba, 1 cm mukobvu.Kurema hakupfuuri 5 g. |
| Kugadzirwa kwe thread | Pane 2 peya dzeshaya dzakagadzirwa zvakanaka mumusoro. Mazamu akakosha anopera mumuromo nemumuromo ane buri. Mvura yakakosha inobuda mugomba. Mumhepo, mvura inoomesa uye shinda yesirika yakakurumbira inooneka. |
| Mhando | Mhuka iyi ndeyemusango uye inopfuyiwa. Musango, matanho ose anopfuura. Kumba, vanouraiwa mukoko. |
Kune makonye, shinda yesilika chinhu mukuvaka kwekoko. Iyo cocoon inogona kubva pa 1 cm kusvika 6 cm. Chimiro chakatenderera kana kuti oval.
Habitat
Kumusha kwetumbuyu iChina. Zvipfukuto zvemusango zvaigara muminda yemurubheri kwemakore anopfuura 3000 BC. Gare gare vakatanga kushandira uye kuparadzira kune dzimwe nyika. Kumaodzanyemba kwePrimorsky Territory yeRussian Federation uye nzvimbo dzekuchamhembe kweChina dzinogarwa nemhando dzemusango dze butterflies.
Nzvimbo yekugara inobatanidzwa nekugadzirwa kwesilika. Tupembenene tinounzwa kumatunhu ane mamiriro ekunze anodziya uye ane mwando ari pakati nepakati. Kushanduka kamwe kamwe kwekushisa hakubvumirwi. Zvinomera zvakawanda zvinogamuchirwa.
Nzvimbo huru iIndia neChina. Vanoverenga 60% yesilika yose. Zvakare, kugadzira iindasitiri yakakosha muhupfumi hwenyika dzakadai se:
- Japani;
- Bhuraziri;
- Furanzi;
- Italy.
kudya kwegonye
Silkworm inoda mashizha emuhabhurosi.
Mulberry mashizha ndiwo kudya kukuru. Muti wemuhabhurosi une marudzi gumi nenomwe. Muti wacho unonyengera zvikuru.
Muchero une muto unotaridzika kunge raspberry yemusango kana blackberry. Zvibereko zvichena, zvitsvuku, zvitema. Kunyanya kunhuhwirira michero yakasviba uye tsvuku. Ivo vanowedzerwa kune dessert, pastries, waini. Asi makonye haadyi michero, asi magidhi chete.
Varimi vesirika vanodyara zvirimwa uye kugadzira mamiriro akakodzera. Mapurazi anopiwa mashizha anogara akapwanyika. Iri mumashizha ayo zvikamu zvakanakisisa zvekugadzirwa kwetambo dzesilika dzakakosha zvinowanikwa.
Lifestyle
Kugadzirwa kwesirika kwakaita basa rinokosha muupenyu. Zvipembenene zvomusango zvaibhururuka zvakanaka. Mapapiro adzo mahombe aikwanisa kukwira mudenga ofamba chinhambwe chakanaka.
Moths dzinoshanda. Zvisinei, mhindumupindu yakavapesvedzera zvikuru. Varume vacho vari active. Zvinoonekwa kuti munhu mukuru haadyi chero chinhu. Uyu ndiwo mutsauko mukuru kubva kune gonye rine simba reshaya, rinotora zvokudya pasina kumira.
Kubereka
Gonye resiririka rinorongwa sechipembenene chakapetwa kaviri chinokwanisa kubereka. Dzimwe mhando dzinobereka kamwe pagore, dzimwe - 1 nguva. Nguva yekubatana inoratidzwa nendege pfupi dzevarume. Mamiriro ezvinhu emusikirwo anoita kuti vakadzi vakawanda vabatane nemurume mumwe chete.
Matanho ekukura kwemakonye esirika
Pasi pemamiriro ekugadzira, zvipembenene zvinoiswa muhomwe yakasiyana uye zvakasiiwa kwemazuva 3-4 kuti mukadzi aise mazai. Imwe clutch ine 300 - 800 mazai.
Huwandu uye saizi inokanganiswa nerudzi uye maberekerwo emunhu. Kuti makonye azvambuke, panodiwa hunyoro uye tembiricha ye23 kusvika 25 degrees Celsius. Pamapurazi emurubheri, vashandi vanogadzira mamiriro mune incubators.
Gonye duku rinobuda muzai rega rega. Ane appetite yakanaka. Zuva mushure mekuberekwa, anogona kudya 2 kaviri zvokudya kupfuura pazuva rakapfuura. Kudya kwakawanda kunobatsira kukurumidza kukura kwegonye.
Pazuva rechishanu, kudya kunomiswa. Pane kusvava kwekubvisa ganda rekutanga mangwana. Wozodya zvakare kwemazuva mana. Pamberi penguva inotevera yekunyunguduka, inomira kudya. Izvi zviito zvinodzokororwa 4 nguva.
Kuguma kwe molt kunoreva kuumbwa kwechigadzirwa chekugadzira tambo. Nhanho inotevera ndeye cocooning. Gonye rinomira kudya. Kashinda katete kanodururwa uye pupa inotanga. Anozviputira mariri. Panguva imwecheteyo, musoro uri kushanda nesimba.
Kudya kunotora mazuva mana. Chipembenene chinopedza shinda mukati me 4 - 0,8 km. Aita chikoko, anorara. Mushure memavhiki matatu, chrysalis inoshanduka kuita butterfly uye inogona kubuda kubva mukoko.
Panyaya iyi, kutenderera kwehupenyu kunokanganiswa panguva iyi. Kuti uite izvi, shandisa kupisa kwepamusoro kusvika ku100 degrees. Makonye anofa, asi makoko acho anoramba akamira.
Vanhu vanosiiwa vari vapenyu kuti vawedzere kuberekana. Vagari vekuKorea neChina vanodya makonye akafa mushure mekuzorora.
vavengi venyama
Musango, chipembenene ndicho chikafu che:
- shiri;
- mhuka dzezvipembenene;
- zvipembenene zvipembenene.
Zvipembenene neshiri zvinodya vanhu vakuru nemakonye. Iyo ine ngozi zvikuru ndeye tahini uye urchins.. Hedgehog inokandira mazai ayo mukati kana pahonye. Pane kugadzirwa kwemakonye ane ngozi anouraya gonye resiririka. Munhu anenge ararama ane utachiona anopa mwana anenge atorwara.
Chirwere chePebrin chinotyisa chinouraya. Iyo inokonzerwa ne pathogenic microorganisms. Asi varimi vemazuva ano vemakonye esirika vanokwanisa kurarama neutachiona hwacho.
Chokwadi chinofadza
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti chrysalis yakafa chinhu chinokosha chinogona kudyiwa. Natural silk thread inorondedzerwa seprotein chigadzirwa. Inogona kunyungudutswa neaggressive chemical detergents. Izvi zvinotariswa kana uchitarisira chigadzirwa chesirika.
Simba rinoshamisa reshinda rakakodzera kunyange kugadzirwa kwezvombo zvemuviri.
Muzvisikwa, zvipembenene zvinorwisana pachavo nevavengi. Vanodya chirimwa chine chepfu alkaloids. Alkaloids inokwanisa kuparadza zvipembenene zvipembenene.
mhedziso
Sirika ndiyo yakareruka uye yakanakisa zvinhu zvekusona zvinhu nemachira. Kurimwa kwegonye resiririka kwakakosha zvikuru kuupfumi hwenyika dzakawanda maererano nekutengesa kunze machira akakosha.
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