Whiteflies: 12 mapikicha ezvipembenene uye nzira dzekubvisa zvipembenene zvidiki
Mumwaka wekudziya, zvipembenene zvakawanda zvinokuvadza zvinoonekwa mumakottage ezhizha nemapindu. Fluttering nhunzi chena pakutanga kuona zvingaita sezvisingakuvadzi, asi chaizvoizvo zvipembenene zvine ngozi kune zvakawanda zvinorimwa zvinomera - whiteflies.
Zviri mukati
Whitefly inotaridzika sei (mufananidzo)
Tsanangudzo yezvipembenene
zita: whiteflies
Ratini: AleyrodidaeKirasi: Zvipembenene - chipembenene
Chikwata: Hemiptera - Hemiptera
Mhuri: whiteflies
Nzvimbo dzekugara: | munzvimbo yese, kusanganisira nzvimbo dzakapoteredzwa | |
Nengozi kune: | miriwo, michero uye michero | |
Nzira dzekuparadza: | makemikari, nzira dzevanhu |
Whiteflies imhuri yezvipembenene zviduku zvinobhururuka zvinosanganisira zvinopfuura 1500 marudzi. Zita resainzi rewhiteflies, aleurodids, rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki rekuti "aleuron", rinoreva "furawa".
Kuonekwa kwewhiteflies
Whiteflies ndeyeboka rezvipembenene zvehomoptera. Vane mapapiro maviri maviri akafukidzwa nejira jena. Pamusoro pepamusoro panogona kunge kune maitiro mumhando yemavara madema. Pakuzorora, nhunzi chena dzinopeta mapapiro adzo dzakachinjika nemuviri wadzo.
Muviri wezvipembenene haupfuuri 2-3 mm pakureba uye 0,3-0,7 mm muhupamhi. Ruvara rwayo, zvichienderana nemhando, inogona kuva yakachena kana tsvuku-yero ine mavara matema.
Kubereka zvinhu
Mumwe mukadzi mukuru, pasi pemamiriro akanaka, anokwanisa kukandira kusvika mazana matatu mazai. Nguva yekuberekesa zvipembenene inotanga nekuuya kwemamiriro ekunze anodziya. Mugore, nhamba yezvizvarwa zve whiteflies inogona kusvika kusvika ku3.
Kukura kwezvipembenene hakuna kukwana uye inosanganisira matanho anotevera:
- evha;
- mhasuru dzinofamba dzezera rekutanga, dzine mapeya matanhatu emakumbo uye antennae;
- immobile larvae yeII uye III instars ine atrophied makumbo uye antennae;
- IV instar larvae kana pseudopupae;
- imago kana munhu mukuru.
Mararamiro uye kudya
Vanhu vakuru vezvipembenene chena vanonyanya kuita kubereka, asi mhute dzeI-III instars dzine chishuwo chakanaka uye dzinopedza yakawanda yenguva yavo pamusoro pezvirimwa zvefodhi. Hwaro hwekudya kwavo muto wemiriwo. Zvipembenene izvi ndizvo zvine ngozi zvikuru kune zvirimwa zvinotevera:
- matomatisi;
- magaka;
- kabichi;
- mazambiringa;
- Strawberry
- sitirobheri;
- raspberry;
- hibiscus;
- fuchsia.
Mhando dzakawanda dzewhiteflies
Pakati pehuwandu hukuru hwewhiteflies, dzakawanda Pane 5 mhando huru:
- greenhouse kana greenhouse whitefly, inokuvadza makomkomere, madomasi uye mamwe maruva;
- citrus whitefly, iyo inokonzera njodzi yakakomba kumiti yemhando imwe chete;
- strawberry whitefly ipukanana ine ngozi kune sitiroberi, mastrawberries emusango nemimwe miti yerudzi urwu;
- kabichi whitefly inodya jisi ye celandine, milkweed nemimwe miriwo, uye inogonawo kukonzera kukanganisa kwakakomba kune kabichi;
- nhubu yefodya, iyo inonyanya kupararira munyika yose uye inoshandisa muto wemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emiti kudya.
nzvimbo yezvipembenene
Mhando dzakasiyana dzewhiteflies dzinowanikwa munzvimbo dzinotevera:
- Europe;
- Asia;
- North America;
- South America.
Zvipembenene izvi zvinosarudza kugara munzvimbo dzinodziya uye dzine hunyoro. Huwandu hwepamusoro hwevanhu uye marudzi enhunzi chena dzinogona kuwanikwa munyika dzine mamiriro ekunze anopisa uye anopisa.
Chipembenene chidiki chinogarawo nemufaro mumakamuri umo mamiriro akakodzera ayo akagadzirwa nemunhu, semuenzaniso:
- greenhouses;
- greenhouses;
- greenhouses;
- zvivako zvekugara uye dzimba.
Zviratidzo zvekuonekwa kwewhiteflies
Whiteflies idiki kwazvo uye haisi nyore kuona. Kazhinji kazhinji, vanozvipa ivo pachavo nekuda kwekuonekwa kwemavara emhando pamiti yakakanganisika. Zviratidzo zvekuvapo uye kuita kwechipembenene ichi zvinogona kunge zvinotevera:
- chikamu chezasi chemashizha emuti wacho chakafukidzwa nemarara ezvipembenene zvinoshanduka, zvakafanana nezvikero;
- kutaridzika pazvikamu zvakasiyana zvemiti yemucheka wakanamatira kana iyo inonzi "dova rouchi";
- kukuvadzwa kweshizha nesoot fungus;
- kutsvuka uye kupeta kwemashizha;
- kunonoka kukura nekukura kwechirimwa.
Zvikonzero zvekuonekwa pamiti
Kazhinji, zvipembenene zvinokuvadza zvirimwa zvisingagamuchire kutarisirwa kwakakodzera kana kuti ine immune system isina simba. Pane zvikonzero zvakati wandei zvekuonekwa kwewhiteflies.
Maitiro ekurima asina kunaka.
Kuvapo pamibhedha yemasora, misoro yegore rapera uye mashizha akawa.
Kukundikana kutevedzera hydrothermal hurumende mune greenhouses uye greenhouses.
Kudyara zvirimwa zvitsva mumba, pasina kuongororwa kwezvipembenene.
Kushaikwa kwekuongorora nguva dzose kwepasi pemashizha emiti.
Whitefly Kudzora Nzira
Whitefly inobata zvirimwa zvinokura kunze nemukati memba. Nekuda kwekuti mamiriro ekudzivirira zvipembenene anogona kunge akasiyana, nzira dzinogona kusiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune mumwe. Zvisinei, sezvazvakaita nezvimwe zvipembenene zvakawanda, nzira dzose dzinogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka makuru matatu:
- kushandiswa kwemakemikari anokosha;
- mechanical nzira dzekudzivirira zvipembenene;
- vanhu mabikirwo.
mhedziso
Madiki madiki ewhiteflies haafanire kukuvadza zvirimwa, asi kurwisa zvipembenene zvine mapapiro hakufanirwe kumiswa kusvika gare gare. Tupukanana utwu tunoberekana nekukasika. Mumwedzi mishomanana, nhamba yavo inogona kuwedzera nekamazana anoverengeka, uye zvadaro ichaita ngozi huru pakukohwa kwomunguva yemberi.
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