Makonzo matema: sei mhuka ichiuya kumunhu ichibva kumunda ichiuya kumba
Makonzo nemakonzo ndechimwe chezvipembenene zvakajairika zvinokonzeresa matambudziko mazhinji kune vavakidzani vazvo uye zvinokonzeresa kukanganisa kukuru kumidziyo yavo. Mumwe wevanhu vanozivikanwa mumhuri iyi igonzo dema. Kunyange zvazvo mhuka iyi yakaderera muhuwandu kune grey makonzo, kukuvadza kubva pakuvapo kwayo kwakada kufanana.
Zviri mukati
Ko gonzo dema rinotaridzika sei (mufananidzo)
zita: gonzo dema
Ratini: Rattus rattusKirasi: Mhuka - Mhuka
Chikwata: Makonzo - Rodentia
Mhuri: Mbeva – Muridae
 | Nzvimbo dzekugara: | minda nenyika inorimika |
 | Simba rekushandisa: | zvese zvinouya |
 | Features: | incisors yavo inoda kugara ichirodza, saka vanodya uye vanoparadza zvese |
Tsanangudzo yemhuka
Makonzo madema ane misiyano inooneka kubva kune grey vamwe vavo. Chokutanga pane zvose, ivara ravo uye ukuru.
Kuonekwa kwemhuka
Makonzo madema zvisikwa zvekugarisana.
Kureba kwemuviri wegonzo dema ndeye 15-22 cm, kunze kwemuswe. Muswe wegonzo rerudzi urwu wakareba 7-13 cm kupfuura muviri uye wakafukidzwa nemvere. Ivhareji yehuremu hwemhuka ndeye 130-300 gramu.
Muromo wegoti dema yakanyanya kutetepa kupfuura yepasyuk, uye ukuru hweauricles yakakura. Kumashure kwemhuka iyi kwakafukidzwa nemvere dzakasviba kana kuti dema-shava uye nesimbi inopenya yegirinhi.
Pamativi uye mudumbu, ruvara rwakareruka uye rine dota kana tsvina yegrey tint. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, kune zvienzaniso zvine ruvara rwegrey kana yero kumusana, uye chena kana beige padumbu.
Zvisikwa zvemhando
Muzhinji, marudzi ese emakonzo akafanana kune mumwe nemumwe, asi ane mamwe maitiro akasiyana. Pakati pezvinhu zvemakonzo matema, zvakakosha kuratidza zvinotevera maitiro:
- Kudya kwegonzo dema kwakasiyana, asi kusiyana nePasyuk, vanosarudza kudya kwezvirimwa. Nekuda kwechinhu ichi, shaya uye tsandanyama dzemidziyo yemeno yegonzo iyi haina kukudziridzwa;
Gonzo dema.
- mhando iyi inonyanya kupisa kupfuura grey rat, saka inogara pedyo nekugara kwemunhu;
- makonzo matema haana hasha pane grey. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ane ngozi, vanosarudza kuvanza uye kuratidza hutsinye chete kana vakaiswa pamakona;
- mhuka iyi inokambaira zvakanaka uye kazhinji inotungamira semi-arboreal mararamiro musango;
- Makonzo matema haanyanyi kutsamira pamvura uye haawanzoshambira.
Habitat
Black rat: mugari weguta nemunda.
Makonzo emhando iyi anowanikwa muEurope, Asia, Africa, America neAustralia. MuAsia, uko kune mamiriro ekunze anodziya, makonzo matema haawanzo kuwanikwa, sezvo nzvimbo iyi inzvimbo yakasikwa yegrey rat.
Asi mamiriro ekunze eAustralia akave akanyanya kunakira gonzo dema, nepo pasyuk haina kudzika midzi munzvimbo iyi.
Panharaunda yeRussia, gonzo dema rinowanikwa muEurope chikamu chenyika kubva kuArkhangelsk kuenda kuCaucasus. Rodent inorarama:
- kuFar East;
- Sakhalin;
- Kamchatka;
- Shikotana;
- Commander Islands;
- muUssuriysk;
- Komsomolsk-on-Amur;
- Khabarovsk;
- Blagoveshchensk.
Ne grey rat pasyuk, iyo iyo inonyanya kufananidzwa nayo, iwe unogona sangana pano.
Ko gonzo dema rinokuvadza vanhu chii
Musango, gonzo dema harina zvarinokanganisa munharaunda dzemusango uye rinowanzova mhuka yeshiri dzemhuka nemhuka. Asi kana uchigara pedyo nevanhu, gonzo dema rinokonzera matambudziko akafanana nepasyuk, anoti:
- anoparadza uye anoparadza zvokudya;
- inokuvadza zvivakwa, fenicha, pombi dzesuweji nezvimwe zvinhu;
- inotakura zvipembenene zvinosveta ropa;
- inoparadzira zvirwere zvezvirwere zvakawanda, zvakadai sedenda, leptospirosis, visceral leishmaniasis, salmonellosis nevamwe.
Verenga zvakawanda muchinyorwa: chii chinokuvadza munhu kubva kumakonzo.
Nzira yekubvisa makonzo matema
Makonzo madema ane mano uye akangwara. Vanonzvenga misungo nemisungo, vane pfungwa yakanaka yekunhuwa uye kunhuwa chepfu. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuswedera kune nyaya yekuparadzwa kwavo kana kudzingwa kubva panzvimbo yacho nenzira yakazara.
| Kuparadza nzira | kushanda |
|---|---|
| Makemikari. | Mhando dzese dzechepfu dzinoita nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira, asi zvinoda kungwarira. |
| Misungo nemisungo. | Iyi miteyo, miteyo yemakonzo akakosha kana zviteya zveglue mukati umo chipembenene chinowira chikaramba chakasimba. |
| Folk mishonga. | Kusanganiswa nekunhuhwirira kunofadza kunomisa dumbu remhuka, zvichitungamirira kurufu. |
| Matanho ekudzivirira. | Vadzingi, mhuka dzine hunhu hwekuvhima uye kuchengetedza kurongeka munzvimbo. |
Links kune zvinyorwa zvine mirairo yakazara, sei kubvisa makonzo pachivanze and in barn.
Chokwadi chinofadza
Mhuka yakasviba yave ichizivikanwa kuvanhu kubvira kare, uye panguva ino vanhu vakaunganidza nyaya dzakawanda dzinonakidza uye chokwadi pamusoro pemhuka idzi. Pakati pavo pane akati wandei anongoshamisa uye kunyange kuvhunduka:
- panharaunda yeMiddle East neMediterranean, zvakasara zveiyi (kana pedyo) marudzi emakonzo akawanikwa, ayo ari ePleistocene era uye zvichida aigara pedyo nemammoth;
- muChina neIndia, chiitiko chechisikigo chinonzi "Rufu rweBamboo" chinosanganiswa nemakonzo matema. Iri muidi rokuti kamwe pamakore 48 ega ega, kune kuwanda kwechiverengero chavanhu vemakonzo aya uye anodya mhodzi dzose dzakawa dzeshenjere. Somugumisiro, sango reshenjere harikuri gore rinotevera;
- panguva yedenda muEurope, makonzo matema ndiwo aitakura utachiona hunouraya;
- mhuka yengano inonzi "Rat King" ine prototype chaiyo. Munzvimbo dzekugara kwemakonzo madema, masumbu emakonzo anowanikwa dzimwe nguva, ayo akabatanidzwa nemiswe yawo. Panguva imwecheteyo, miswe yemhuka inowanzoputsika uye yakakuvadzwa. "Matendere" akadaro anonyanya kunzi "Rat King". Doro "Rat Kings" yakatoratidzwa mumamiziyamu mumaguta akasiyana eEurope. Imwe ye "Madzimambo" makuru inofungidzirwa kuwanikwa muguta reBuchgait, iro raive nemakonzo makumi matatu nemaviri.
Makonzo muguta (mufananidzo wemucherechedzi).
mhedziso
Kubvisa makonzo aonekwa zvakaoma. Mhuka idzi dzakangwara, dzakakura uye dzinotoratidza kupikisa zvakanyanya kune zvakawanda zvine chepfu. Kuti udzivise kuitika kwavo, unofanirwa kuchengeta imba yakachena uye yakachena. Kana vaenzi vekutanga vasina kukokwa vakatoonekwa, ipapo kurwisana navo kunofanira kutanga pakarepo uye kusarega mamiriro acho achitora nzira.
