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Njodzi dzine ngozi munyuchi: kudzivirira apiyari kubva kuchipukanana chinouraya

Iye munyori wechinyorwa
437 maonero
9 min. yekuverenga

Zvinowanzogamuchirwa kuti zvikwekwe zvine njodzi kuvanhu nemhuka chete. Zvisinei, kune marudzi anorwisa zvipembenene zvinobatsira kuvanhu. Semuenzaniso, varroa mite tupukanana tudiki tunorwisa nyuchi uye kuparadzira utachiona hunotyisa. Kare, nekuda kwekupinda kwevarroa, vapfuri venyuchi vaifanira kupisa maapiyari ese.

Chii chinonzi varroa mite

Varroa mite ndeye ectoparasites uye vanopedza hupenyu hwavo hwese vari panyuchi. Chipembenene idiki muhukuru - 1-2 mm., Muviri wakanyatsoti sandara, nekunze wakafanana nesoso reovha rakapinzwa. Iyo varroa ine mapeya mana emakumbo akafukidzwa nemvere, nekuda kweiyo yakabatirira zvakasimba panyuchi.

Varume nevakadzi vanoita sei?

Vanhu vakaparadzaniswa zvakajeka kuva varume nevakadzi.

Morphological features of female varroa:

  • chimiro chechimiro chemuviri, nekuda kwekuti mukadzi akabatwa zvakasimba pamuviri wenyuchi;
  • kuvapo kwechubhu inofambiswa perithrimal, nekuda kwekuti zvipembenene zvinogona kudzora kufema zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze;
  • kuvapo kwemazino maduku pane chelicerae, iyo inotungamirirwa kune muviri - kuvonga kwavari, chipembenene chakanyatsobatwa pamuviri wemunhu akabatwa;
  • chifukidziro chakakosha chemuviri, chinodzivirira mukadzi kuti asanamatira kune chakavanzika chinonamira.

Muviri wevarume wakatenderera, saizi yevarume idiki pane yevakadzi - kwete kupfuura 0,8 mm. Rudzi rwemuviri rwakaita greyi-white kana yellowish. Iwe unogona kuona varume chete munyuchi.

Mushonga wemuromo unoshandiswa chete pakuendesa urume panguva yekusangana kwemukadzi.

Iyo pharynx inenge isingaonekwe, haina mhasuru dzine simba.

Bee mite.

Kubudirira uye kubereka

Nekuonekwa kwebrood yakazaruka mudendere renyuchi, hadzi inokandira mazai anenge manomwe pamadziro emukati emasero. Mazai haaonekwi neziso rakashama, saizi yavo haisi kupfuura 0,2-0,3 mm. Mukadzi anopinda mumasero 1-3 mazuva asati avharwa.
Zvinocherechedzwa kuti kufarira kunopihwa kune drone maseru. Mumamiriro ekunze anodziya, nekuchengeta nyuchi, hadzi inogona kukandira mazai anosvika makumi maviri nemashanu. Kubva pazai rekutanga, kazhinji murume anoberekwa, kubva kune vamwe - vakadzi.

Kutenderera kwevarroa kunongova kwemazuva 5-7, saka panguva iyo nyuchi kana drone inobva musero, murume ane nguva yekuisa nyuchi dzakawanda. Nzira yehupenyu yemunhu wechirume inopera panguva yekusangana - havadyi uye vanofa nekukurumidza.

Madzimai anosiya nyuchi masero ega kana pamhuka dzadzo. Kana mazai emite akanonoka, vanhu vanochechenywa vanowanzofa nokukurumidza, nokuti panguva ino chifukidzo chechitinous chenyuchi pupa chinoomesa, uye chipembenene hachigoni kuruma nacho.

Zvikwekwe zvinobata nyuchi.

Tiki kuramba kune dzakaipa zvinhu

Varroa vakadzi vanokwanisa kurarama vasina zvokudya pakupisa kwe22-25 degrees kwemazuva 5-6. Kana tembiricha yemhepo yakadzikira kana mhepo yakazara nezvinhu zvine chepfu, chipembenene chinomira kufema uye chinohwanda musero rehuchi, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kurwisa.

Nguva yechando uye kukura kweparasite mumasero ane brood

Muzhizha, mukadzi anokwanisa kurarama mwedzi 2-3, munguva yechando - anenge mashanu.

Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwenyuchi brood munguva yechando, varroas inomira kubereka uye 7-10% yavo inofa.

Panguva imwecheteyo, munguva yechando, mukadzi mumwe anoparadza nyuchi dzakawanda, sezvo achida anenge 5,5 μl yeropa renyuchi yekudya, uye ropa renyuchi imwe chete 4,3 μl.

Zvipembenene zvidiki.

Nzira dzehutachiona uye zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwenyuchi nechikwekwe

Kubatwa nenyuchi nezvipembenene kunokonzeresa chirwere chevarroatosis. Havasi vanhu vakuru chete vanobatwa nehutachiona, asiwo pupae, nyuchi dzenyuchi.

Chirwere ichi chinokonzera kukanganisa kukuru pakupfuya nyuchi uye chichiri kutorwa sedenda chairo reindasitiri iyi.

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze anopisa, varroosis inopararira nokukurumidza. Paavhareji, mwero wekupararira kwemaparasite makiromita gumi pakota uye zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwemaapiari munharaunda. Munguva yezhizha, kutapukirwa nenyuchi mite kunoitika sezvinotevera:

  • pakubata nenyuchi ine utachiona panguva yekumeserwa kwemaruva;
  • kuburikidza nenyuchi dzembavha;
  • nekuchengetedza kusina kunaka kwedrone brood;
  • pakuronga patsva mizinga kubva kumhuri imwe yenyuchi kuenda kune imwe;
  • nenyuchi dzinodzungaira;
  • panguva yekuwanda kwenyuchi;
  • pakutenga madzimambo nenyuchi;
  • apo vana vane utachiona vanopinzwa mukoloni.

Mumakore maviri ekutanga, infestation yezvikwekwe inoramba isingaoneki. Maparasite anowedzera kuwedzera, izvo zvinotungamira pakuonekwa panguva imwe chete yenhamba yakawanda yezvikwekwe, kazhinji izvi zvinoitika muzhizha. Vechidiki vanotapurira nyuchi dzinosvika makumi matatu kubva muzana kamwechete.

Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanoratidza zviratidzo zvinotevera:

  • deformation yemuviri;
  • variegated ruvara rwevana;
  • makumbo nemapapiro zvisipo kana kuti hazvina kubudirira;
  • munguva yechando, nyuchi dzinozvibata zvisina kugadzikana - dzinoita ruzha, dzinosvetuka kubva mumasero;
  • vashandi vanorega kubhururuka;
  • pasi pemukoko, nhamba huru yevanhu vakafa inooneka, pamuviri wezvikwekwe zvinoonekwa;
  • munguva yekuvhuvhuta, nhamba yevanhu inoderera zvakanyanya;
  • Uchi hwakakohwewa, vanhu vane utachiona hwakanyanya vanobva mumukoko wacho, kunyange zvazvo pane zvokudya zvakakwana.

Mbeu dzakakanganiswa hadzina mafuta, dzine simba shoma, ndicho chikonzero nyuchi diki dzakachochonywa kubva kwavari.

Small pest.

Kukuvadza kunounzwa nechikwekwe kunyuchi imwe chete neboka rose

Huremu hwenyuchi mudiki hwarwiswa neparasite hushoma pane hwenyuchi ine hutano. Kurasikirwa kwehuremu kunoenderana nekuti vangani mai mite vakarwisa sero panguva yebrood uye kangani kusangana kwakaitika pakati pevana veamai mite.

Chirwere chimwe chete paavhareji chinoderedza huremu hwemuviri ne7%.

Upenyu hwenyuchi ine hutachiona hwakanyanya kuderera, kuwedzera, kukwanisa kwayo kufamba kazhinji kunoderedzwa, ndicho chikonzero haigoni kudzokera kukoloni kwenguva yakareba.

Kubatwa neutachiona kunoderedza simba rekudzivirira zvirwere zvenyuchi, zvichiita kuti risanyanya kubatwa nemavhairasi nemamwe utachiona. Zvakare kazhinji nekuda kwekusangana nemavhairasi anotakura varoa, vanhu vane mapapiro akakuvadzwa, vasina kukwanisa kubhururuka, vanobuda kubva mumasero.
Varroa inokonzera kuderera kwebasa rekubereka kwekoloni yose. Drones dzine utachiona hushoma kuti dzibatane namambokadzi. Mumakoloni ane utachiona, kuputika kunoitika kushoma, saka makoroni haaparadzanise kuita zvikamu zvakawanda. Nechirwere chikuru, nyuchi yenyuchi inofa zvachose mumakore maviri.
Imba dzenyuchi.

Nzira dzekutarisana neparasite

Kudzivirira utachiona hwenyuchi yenyuchi ine varroitosis, kune nzira dzakawanda dzinowanzopatsanurwa kuita makemikari, biological uye biotechnical. Zvakare, vapfuri venyuchi vanoziva nzira dzechivanhu dzekubata nenyuchi.

Acaricide makemikari

Acaricides makemikari anokosha anoshandiswa kuuraya zvikwekwe, kukanganisa kukura kwavo nekukura. Mukuchengeta nyuchi, mishonga inotevera inoshandiswa kurwisa varroa:

Nzira dzekutarisana nenyuchi nyuchi
nzvimbo#
Title
Kuongorora kwenyanzvi
1
Pericin
9.5
/
10
More
2
Apitol
8.7
/
10
More
3
Cecafix
8.8
/
10
More
4
Bayvarol
9.2
/
10
More
5
Formic acid paIllert tiles
9.3
/
10
More
Nzira dzekutarisana nenyuchi nyuchi
Pericin
1
Kuongororwa kwenyanzvi:
9.5
/
10

Chiito chemushonga chakanangana nenyuchi dzakura dzisiri muvana. Inofanira kushandiswa chete munguva yechando yebezplodny kaviri, nekuzorora kwemazuva manomwe. Mushonga wacho unonyungudika nemafuta, saka zvimedu zvawo zvinoramba zviri muwakisi neuchi. Kugadziriswa kunoitwa nesirinji kana bhodhoro rekupfapfaidza; mukoko wemazinga maviri unoda 7 ml emulsion.

Плюсы
  • kukwana kwakakwana;
  • nyore kushandisa.
Минусы
  • ine chepfu, inopinda muuchi.
Apitol
2
Kuongororwa kwenyanzvi:
8.7
/
10

Mushonga unonyungudika mumvura, unowanikwa muhupfu. Iyo mumiririri inonyungudutswa mumvura uye inoshandiswa nekupfapfaidza. Kugadziriswa kunofanirwa kuitwa kune yakaderera tembiricha yemhepo panguva dzisiri dzebrooding.

Плюсы
  • inoshanda kana kushorwa nemimwe mishonga kwakavapo.
Минусы
  • ine chepfu, inopinda muuchi.
Cecafix
3
Kuongororwa kwenyanzvi:
8.8
/
10

Analogue yezviri pamusoro inotsanangurwa pericin.

Плюсы
  • zviri nyore kushivirirwa nenyuchi pane gadziriro dzakafanana.
Минусы
  • vasipo.
Bayvarol
4
Kuongororwa kwenyanzvi:
9.2
/
10

Mudziyo uyu mucheka wakakosha unofanirwa kurembera mukati memukoko. Mushonga unobata nyuchi nekuda kwekusangana nemucheka. Maererano nemirairo yemugadziri, mushonga unofanirwa kusiiwa mumukoko kwemavhiki matanhatu, asi izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kuhuwandu hwehuwandu hwezvinhu. Nguva yakakwana yekushandiswa imavhiki matatu. Zvakakosha kurasa zvakanaka bayvarol, zvinorambidzwa kuikanda mumidziyo yemarara. Shanda chete nerubha magirovhosi.

Плюсы
  • yakakodzera kurapwa nekudzivirira;
  • nyore kushandisa.
Минусы
  • chepfu, inoda kungwarira paunenge uchishandisa.
Formic acid paIllert tiles
5
Kuongororwa kwenyanzvi:
9.3
/
10

Nheyo yekushanda kwechigadzirwa inobva pakubuda kwemhepo kubva kumatairi ezvimwe zvinhu zvine chepfu kune parasite. Mhepo inopinda mumuviri wezvikwekwe kuburikidza nekufema system, nekudaro ichivakanganisa. Kugadziriswa kunofanirwa kuitwa manheru, pamhepo tembiricha ye + 12-20 degrees. Inorambidzwa kushandiswa panguva yekuunganidza uchi. Usati wagadziriswa, zvakakosha kuchenesa mabhiriji ewakisi kubva kumusoro slats yefuremu, wozodira utsi pamusoro pehuchi kuitira kuti chibereko chiri pasi. Kugadziriswa kunofanirwa kuitwa 3-4 nguva nekuzorora kwemazuva gumi nemana. Unoda kushanda nemagirovhosi erubha.

Плюсы
  • kunyatsoshanda.
Минусы
  • kushanda zvakaoma;
  • njodzi yekufa kwechibereko.

Biological uye biotechnical nzira

Idzi ndidzo nzira dzekudzivirira zvipembenene zvinotarisa chimiro cheparasite. Nzira idzi dzakaratidzwa kuva dzinoshanda pakurwisa varroa uye dzinoonekwa sedzisina njodzi pane kurapwa kwemakemikari. Biological nzira dzekurwisa zvikwekwe dzinosanganisira:

  1. Mhuka inonzi Stratiolaelaps scimitus. Zvipembenene izvi zvinodya varroa, asi mune dzimwe nguva zvinogona kurwisa mazai nenyuchi. Zvisinei, ivo havaiti kutyisidzira kukuru kune nyuchi.
  2. Nhema kana bhuku zvinyavada. Mhuka dzinodya inda dzenyuchi, mite newax moth. Vanoumba symbiosis nenyuchi uye havaiti njodzi kune nyuchi.

Iyo yakakosha yebiotechnical nzira ndeyekupindira mukufamba kweiyo biological kukura kwezvikwekwe kuti zviparadze. Vapfuri nyuchi vanoshandisa nzira dzinotevera:

musungo wezinga reuchi

Nyuchi inosimwa mazuva gumi oga oga pamuzinga usina chinhu mukeji yefuremu. Nokudaro, kunze kwekeji hakuna vana vakazaruka, uye zvipembenene zvinoenda pariva remuzinga rakavhurika nechinangwa chekubereka. Vana vari pamuzinga uyu "unonyengera" vanoparadzwa.

Kurapa kwekupisa

Mizinga yekuteya kana mizinga yese yevana inodziirwa kusvika kune tembiricha inokuvadza zvipembenene, asi isina njodzi kunyuchi. Nzira yacho yakaoma, asi inoshanda chaizvo.

Kubvisa drone brood

Mimwe mizinga yehadzi inokandira mazai inoparadzwa nechando. Nzira yacho inofanira kushandiswa muna March naApril.

Zvirwere zvevanhu

Seyero yakazara yekurwisa zvipembenene zvenyuchi, unogona kushandisa mishonga yevanhu. Pane zvinotevera resipi:

  1. Horseradish. Nekugadzirisa nyuchi, mashizha akaomeswa ehorseradish anoshandiswa. Zviputse pachiedza chezuva pamwe chete nehunyoro hwakaderera. Iyo yakaomeswa yakaomeswa inoiswa mune inoputa uye 4 shamhu inoitwa muimba imwe neimwe. Horseradish mashizha ane formic uye oxalic acid, iyo inokanganisa hutachiona.
  2. Parafini. Chinhu chinopisa chinosanganiswa neBipin muchikamu chinotevera: 4 ml. Bipin pa 100 ml yeparafini. Huwandu hwakatarwa hunokwana kuita makumi mashanu makoroni enyuchi. Mushonga unodirwa mukanoni uye mikoko inogadziriswa.
  3. Upfu hwepine. Pomesa tsono dzose uye ukuye kuita upfu. Chigadzirwa chinoguma chinosaswa nemikoko yenyuchi pachiyero che 50 gr. kumhuri. Kugadziriswa kunofanirwa kuitwa katatu nepakati pemazuva manomwe.
  4. Dill mafuta. 2 makapu akapwanyika dill mbeu yakasanganiswa ne 100 gr. mafuta ekubikisa. Chigadzirwa chinoguma chinopisa mubhati remvura kwemaawa maviri, zvino mira kwezuva. Zvadaro, mhinduro yacho inofanira kusvinwa uye inoshandiswa kune chidimbu chefirimu yepurasitiki inoyera 2 ne 30 cm. Isa firimu nerutivi rwakabatwa papuranga, uye uise chidimbu chimwe chete pamusoro nedivi rakasvibiswa kumusoro. Iyo nzira inofanira kudzokororwa mushure memazuva manomwe.
Folk mishonga.

Zvimiro zvekugadzira nyuchi nemikoko panguva dzakasiyana dzegore

Kurwisana nemakiti panguva dzakasiyana dzegore kune maitiro ayo. Mabasa makuru anoitwa muchirimo uye chirimo, asi kuwedzera kugadzirisa kunogona kuitwa mukudonha kuitira kuti nyuchi dzigone kupedza nguva yechando zvakachengeteka.

Muchirimo

Hondo inoshingaira yekurwisa varroa inofanira kutanga nekusvika kwechirimo: panguva ino iyo hushoma huchi hunoramba huri mumizinga. Spring processing inoita mabasa anotevera:

  • dzivisa kuderera kwenhamba yenyuchi;
  • kugadzirira kurwa kwakazara muzhizha, kudzivirira kutapukirwa kwemamwe mabrood.

Muzhizha

Kushanda kwakazara kwemukoko kunovimbiswa nekugadziriswa kwechirimo, izvo zvisingazokuvadzi hutano hwenyuchi uye hazvizokanganisa nzira yekuunganidza uchi. Zvisinei, kana panguva iyi zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kubvisa zvachose varroa, haana kucherechedzwa nekuda kwekusakwana kunyatsoongorora, kugadzirisa kunogona kuitwa muzhizha, zviri nani kwete mushure meJune.

Клещ варроа. Обязательно к просмотру

Matanho ekudzivirira

Varroa mite iparasite inonyengera inogona kuparadza apiyari yose zvisingaonekwe. Kurwisana nayo ibasa rakaoma uye zviri nyore kudzivirira kuitika kwayo nerubatsiro rwekudzivirira matanho. Rondedzero yezvakanyanya:

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