Blister Beetle: Gwaro Rakazara reKuzivikanwa uye Kudzora

Zvipembenene zvemugadheni nezvipembenene izvi zvine muchetura wekuti ukadyiwa unogona kukuvadza zvipfuyo zvakanyanya. Tsvaga nezve yakachengeteka, organic mhinduro dzeanoshanda blister control pano.

Blister beetles inzvimbo yakajairika uye chipembenene chebindu chinozivikanwa zvakanyanya nekuvanda kunokonzeresa mavanga kwavanoburitsa kana vakuvara kana kupwanywa. Mushonga wacho une chinhu chinoputika chinonzi cantharidin, chinhu chinoshandiswa kurapa maronda anokonzerwa neutachiona hwechibhokisi. Cantharidin inoshanda zvakanyanya pakuparadza matishu zvekuti inoshandiswa mukubvisa wart.

Cantharidin ine chepfu kana ikamedzwa. Chinorambira muzvipembenene zvakafa nguva refu uswa hwavanenge vadya hwaomeswa uye hwaiswa mabharoti. Mabhiza anonyanya kubatwa nemuchetura. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwebug, zvishoma semagiramu mana kusvika matanhatu ezvipembenene zvakafa zvinogona kuuraya.

Vanhu vanodya chipembenene vanogona kutarisira kukanganisa kwakanyanya kune urinary tract uye gastrointestinal lining. Chengetedza vana vanoisa chero chinhu mumuromo mavo kuitira kuti zvigone kuputika.

Pamusoro pekutyisidzirwa nehuturu hwayo, bete rinokonzeresa kukuvadzwa kwezvirimwa zvegadheni nemaindasitiri nekudya zvakasiyana siyana zvemashizha, inflorescences yechirimwa, maruva enzvimbo neminda yeuswa.

Zvipembenene chii?

Blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) inotumidzwa kune cantharidin toxin inowanikwa mumvura yavo yemuviri, iyo inogona kukonzera mablister paganda remunhu uye kuzvimba kwehupenyu mumabhiza nemhuka.

Cantharidin inowanikwawo muSpanish fly, inozivikanwa aphrodisiac.

Zvipembenene dzimwe nguva dambudziko muzvirimwa zvemumunda zvakaita sealfa, sweet clover, canola, bhinzi, soya bhinzi, mbatatisi neshuga beet.

Vanodya pamaruva nemashizha emiti yakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira nhengo dzemhuri Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae neSolanaceae, uye zvinogona kukonzera kuparara kukuru kwemiti yavanoungana muhuwandu.

Zvipembenene zvine blister zvine hukama uye zvinogona kuwanikwa muhuwandu kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemunda. Blister zvipembenene kazhinji hazvisi zvipembenene zvakakomba uye zvinongokonzera kukuvara kwechirimwa pane dzimwe nguva.

Nekudaro, kana zvikaonekwa mualfa uye zvimwe zvirimwa zvekudya zvinogona kudyiwa nemabhiza kana zvimwe zvipfuyo, zvinogona kukonzera kurwara kwakanyanya kana kufa.

Nzira yekuziva sei blister beetle?

Kuziva nemazvo blister nyuchi kubva kune mamwe marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvipembenene zvisina muchetura zvinogona kufanana nazvo, senge asparagus beetle, zvakakosha pakuchengetedza zvipfuyo nekudzivirira kukuvara kwegoho.

Kune anenge 250 marudzi e blister nyuchi, nhengo dzemhuri meloids, akaparadzirwa muUnited States mose. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipembenene zvinowanzoitika muEast, South, uye Midwest.

Anogonawo kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzehuswa dzokuMadokero neMaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, uyewo mumapindu ari pedyo negungwa rePacific.

Zvipembenene zvakura zvinosiyana mukukura uye ruvara. Yakawanda inji imwe nehafu kureba, ine miviri mirefu yakapfava uye musoro wakafara une matinji anoumba chikamu chimwe muzvitatu cheurefu hwemuviri.

Iyo prothorax pakati pemusoro nemuviri yakatetepa uye yakafanana nemutsipa. Mapapiro acho akapfava uye anoshanduka, makumbo akareba.

Muvara unogona kuva wakajeka uye uriegated, mitsetse kana flat. Banded blister beetles mimvuri yegrey nebrown ine mitsetse yeyero inomhanya ichitevedza mapapiro. Ash grey blister beetle ichena zvachose.

Iro blister dema rakasviba zvachose. Chipembenene che blister chine mupendero wakasviba negrey kusvika kukirimu mutsetse pamucheto webapiro rega rega.

Yunivhesiti yeI Illinois Dhipatimendi reZvidyarwa Sayenzi ine mifananidzo yeaya marudzi mana akajairwa (ona kuti mapapiro adzo akabatana zvakadii). Heino runyoro rwakaratidzwa rweakasiyana blister nyuchi anowanikwa muFlorida anogona kuwanikwawo kune imwe nzvimbo muUnited States.

Biology uye kutenderera kwehupenyu

Vakuru vanotanga kukandira masumbu emazai pakati pechirimo uye vanoramba vachikandira nguva zhinji yemwaka. Hadzi inokandira zai rimwe kusvika mazana maviri, rakafara risingasviki millimita imwe uye kureba mirimita imwe kusvika kumaviri, pasi pevhu. Mazai anochochonya mumavhiki maviri kana pasi.

Makonye machena ari kubuda ane makumbo akati rebei, ayo aanoshandisa kutsvaga mazai emhashu kuti adye. Dzimwe dzinozvibatanidza nenyuchi uye dzinonziwo inda dzenyuchi.

Vanodya mazai uye vanochengeta chikafu mudendere renyuchi, vachipfuura nematanho akati wandei ekukura: kubva kumakonye kuenda kugonye risina makumbo.

Kana chinhanho chapera, munhu mukuru ari kusimukira anowira pasi mushure memazuva gumi otanga kudya zvirimwa zvinenge zvarimwa.

Vakuru vanoshanyira maruva kuti vadye nekita, mukume, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange ruva rose. Mamwe marudzi ezvipembenene zvinotodya mashizha.

Mhungu, iyo inosvika padanho repupal muvhuvhu, inogona overwinter zvakananga pasi pevhu.

Vanowanzorarama kusvika mwedzi mitatu. Vanhukadzi vanokwanisa kugadzira masumbu akawanda emazai muhupenyu hwavo hwose.

Zvipembenene zvinokuvadza sei zvipfuwo?

Iyo muchetura mhedzisiro yeblister zvipembenene pazvipfuyo, inozivikanwa secantharidin toxicosis, ndiyo yakanyanya kutyisidzira blister zvipembenene.

Huwandu hukuru hwemablister zvipembenene uye muchetura wakawanda wecantharidin mualfalfa uswa zvinogona kuunza njodzi huru yehutano kumabhiza, mombe nemakwai, kunyanya kana ikadyiwa muhuwandu hukuru.

Nehurombo, cantharidin isanganiswa yakagadzikana inoramba iine chepfu kuzvipfuwo kunyangwe masara akaomeswa ezvipembenene anourawa panguva yekukohwa anodyiswa mukudya.

Kutapukira kwe alfalfa nehumwe uswa hunogona kuiparadza kutengeswa kana kudyiswa.

Vagadziri vehuswa neforoji vanofanirwa kutora matanho ese ekutarisa nekudzivirira kupararira. Zvipembenene zvinowanzoungana pamwechete pakudya, zvichiwedzera mukana wekuti rimwe kana maviri mabhero euswa ane masumbu ezvipembenene.

Iwe unofanirwawo kungwarira paunenge uchitenga uswa. Ziva kana blister betle infestation ingave dambudziko munharaunda yako uye tarisa zvaunotenga nemazvo.

Zvipembenene zvine ngozi zvakadii kumabhiza?

Mabhiza ari panjodzi huru yekukuvadzwa nehuturu hwebheti. Chirwere chebhiza chinogona kupisa zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti pave nehutachiona hwechipiri uye kubuda ropa.

Sezvineiwo, kuti utapurwe, hazvidiwi kumedza bete, sezvo uswa hwakasvibiswa nemvura yezvipembenene zvapwanyika hunogona kuva nengozi.

Ichi chemikemikari inoderedza mazinga e calcium muropa uye inogumbura mutsara wedumbu, ura hudiki, dundira, uye weti.

Mabhiza anobatwa necantharidin anogona kuona zviratidzo zvecolic, kusanganisira kuwedzera kudonha, manyoka, tsvina ine ropa, kudikitira, kupera mvura mumuviri, kugwinha, uye kugara uchiweti.

Mhuka dzinogona kufa nemuchetura we blister beetle mukati memaawa 72, saka zvakakosha kufonera veterinarian yako nekukurumidza paunofungidzira.

Chirwere chinouraya chinokonzera fivha, kuora mwoyo, kuvhunduka uye rufu.

Kuoma kwekuita kunoenderana nehuwandu hwe cantharidin inomedzwa uye ukuru uye hutano hwemhuka uye inogona kubva kubva kune chepfu kwenguva pfupi kusvika pakuderera kwekudya uye kufa.

Kuwanda kwe cantharidin muzvipembenene kunosiyana zvichienderana nemhando. Mamwe marudzi anogona kunge aine kanokwana makumi mashanu cantharidin pane mamwe. Uyezve, mabhiza anosiyana mukunzwa kwavo kune cantharidin.

Kunyangwe huturu hwecantharidin kumabhiza husati hwanyatsotsanangurwa, iyo inofungidzirwa kuti inouraya inotangira kubva ku0.5 kusvika 1 mg yecantharidin pa2.2 lbs yehuremu hwebhiza.

Zvipembenene zvinopisa sei zvirimwa?

Blister zvipembenene zvichadya munenge chero shizha rinokura mubindu rako. Anowanikwa mumadomasi, mbatatisi, eggplants, mhiripiri nemimwe miriwo yenightshade, pamwe nemashizha ane mashizha.

Pakati pekupedzisira kwezhizha vanogona kusvika vari mapoka, zvichiita seusiku humwe, uye nekuda kwehuwandu hwavo hunokonzera kukanganisa kwakawanda munguva pfupi.

Blister zvipembenene zvinokuvadzawo mhashu, chimwe chezvipembenene zvinoparadza zvikuru mumapurazi nemapindu. Makonye achangobva kuchochonywa anoshandisa makumbo awo kutsvaga masumbu emazai emhashu uye kudya.

Mupfungwa iyi, blister zvipembenene zvinogona kutorwa sezvipembenene zvinobatsira, asi chete padanho reburwa. Kana vakura, chavachasara nacho idambudziko.

Kurwisa blister zvipembenene

Kana iwe uchifungidzira blister infestation kana uchida kutora matanho anodiwa kuti uzvidzivirire, hezvino zvinhu gumi nezviviri zvaungaita kuti unyatso kudzora blister:

Tarisa nguva nenguva

Kugara uchiongorora magadheni epamba kunogona kuenda kure mukudzora kukuvara kwebete. Nhamba yavo inowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mumwedzi yekutanga yemwaka wekukura, uye murimi anocherechedza anogona kuvadzivirira kubva pakukuvadzwa kukuru.

Zvibvise kana wangozviona

Muna Chikunguru, gadheni rinogona kuerekana raputirwa nemhomho yemashizha ezvipembenene. Vanowanzo shanda mumapoka makuru, akaungana pamicheto yemibhedha yembatatisi uye mitsara yelettuce.

Zviri nani kubvisa zvipembenene zvakawanda nezvirimwa zvazvinokuvadza kana zvichibvira pazvinongoonekwa uye zvisati zvapararira.

Kana dzangosimwa, dzinenge dzisingabviri kubvisa zvachose, kunyangwe kana makemikari kana mamwe maspray ehupfu akashandiswa.

Kunonga neruoko nemagirovhosi

Kunhonga nemaoko kunogona kushanda mumagadheni epamba, kunyanya kana paine mashoma awo. Asi usambobata blister nyuchi nemaoko ako asina maoko. Gara wakapfeka magirovhosi.

Geza tupukanana kubva mumiti muchigaba chidiki chemvura ine sipo.

Kana ukaazunza kubva pazvirimwa, zvipembenene zvinowanzovata muvhu uye kutamba possum pane kutiza. Tora mukana uye uunganidze zvakanaka.

Diatomaceous Earth distribution

Deredza mbesa siyana uye nhamba nekuparadzira diatomaceous pasi kutenderedza zvirimwa zviri mungozi kana kuishandisa sechivharo mumibhedha yakasimudzwa kana dzimwe nzvimbo diki.

Lime kubva mumakohwe eoyster inogonawo kushandiswa sechivharo, asi haisi mushonga unodzinga nyuchi uye unoshanda zvakanyanya seanodzinga. (Izvi zvinobatsirawo kuchengetedza ivhu rakakodzera pH.)

Chekai uswa nesora

Blister beetle infestations inowanzoitika kumativi egadheni kana mumiti yakapoteredza. Cheka uswa, masora uye kumwe kukura kwakatenderedza mipendero yebindu rako kuti ubvise nzvimbo dzavanogona kutanga kukura.

Shandisa mitsara inovhara

Mafukidziro akanyatsonamirirwa anogona kudzivirira zvirimwa zvako kubva kune zvipembenene zvinotama pakati-kusvika-kupera kwezhizha. Ivo havazoregi kumisa mwaka wevakuru venguva yechando muvhu semakonye anonoka.

Zvishandise kana ukaona masumbu ezvipembenene (kana kuzvitarisira) mukati nekutenderedza bindu rako muna Chikunguru.

Dzivisa kusakura mamwe masora

Nguruve (Amaranthus mhando). zvinoyevedza zvipembenene zvakura. Bvisa zvachose kubva munzvimbo yako. Kurudzira vavakidzani vako kuita zvimwe chetezvo. Iron uswa (Vernonia spp.) uye ragweed (Ambrosia spp.) Ndichadhirowawo zvipembenene.

Kurudzirai shiri kuti dzishanyire

Shiri dzinotora blister nyuchi zvakananga kubva mumiti yako. Vakurudzire kuti vauye kuzodya mubindu rako. Varemekedze uye usashandise zvipfapfaidzo kana makemikari anogona kuvakuvadza.

Shandisa biopesticide

Kana kunhonga maoko kusingabatsiri kuderedza nhamba yavo, shandisa masprays ane Spinosad, OMRI-yakanyorwa biopesticide inouraya pakati pe24 ne48 vanhu.

Spinosad inoputsika mukati mezvimisikidzo zvayo mukati memazuva maviri kana kupfuura kana yakafumurwa nechiedza chezuva, ichidzivirira kuti isapinda mumvura.

Haisi chepfu kushiri kana hove, asi inogona kukuvadza nyuchi kana yakatanga kushandiswa. Verenga mirairo yechigadzirwa uye nguva yekushandisa zvinoenderana.

Bvisai mhashu

Mhushu dzinokweva blister zvipembenene, makonye ayo anodya mazai emhashu. Dzora mhashu nekushandisa Semaspore Bait kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinodzora mhashu.

Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune huswa hunorimwa kuti udye. Kuvapo kwemhashu muzvirimwa zveforoji kunogona kuratidza kutanga kwekuputika kwemablister.

Ramba uchichenjerera

Zvizhinji zvemishonga yekudzora mafuro nehuswa, kusanganisira kumwaya, hazvigone kubvisa zvachose zvipembenene kana kutyisidzira kwazvinoita. Ramba wakatarisa minda yako, kunyanya kumucheto, uye bvisa chero nzvimbo dzinoonekwa zvipembenene.

Paunenge uchigadzira uswa, dzivisa kushandisa midziyo yakaita sembariro yeuswa, inogona kupwanya tumbuyu. Kana mukaona zvipembenene muminda yenyu, regai huswa hwakachekwa hugare kwemazuva maviri kana kudarika kuti dzipe nguva yekurasa uswa.

Kuchekwa kwekutanga kunotorwa zvipembenene zvisati zvawedzera muhuwandu kunowanzochengeteka pane kuchekwa kunotorwa mushure memwaka.

Ngwarira pakutenga uswa

Paunenge uchitenga uswa, zviri nani kuwana mugadziri ane mukurumbira wakanaka. Kunyangwe kunyatsoongorora kwehuswa mabhero nemaflakes kungasaburitsa njodzi dzakavanzika.

Ziva murimi wako zvakakwana kuti uvimbe naye paunobvunza nezvezviratidzo zvezvipembenene muzvirimwa zvake. Mhinduro yakanakisisa ndeyokuti kwete.