Mhando dzetsikidzi - kumba uye mune zvakasikwa

Iyo suborder yezvipembenene zvehemipteran inozivikanwa sebugs (lat. Heteroptera) ine marudzi anopfuura 40, anonyanya kuwanikwa kuSoutheast Asia. Russia inogarawo kune marudzi anopfuura 000, kubva munzvimbo dzinodziya kusvika kuSiberia uye kunyange Arctic Circle.

Pasinei nekusiyana kwezvipenyu, tsikidzi dzine zvimwe zvakajairika:

1. Bapiro chimiro: Chikamu chine membranous, chikamu chedehwe. Mapapiro haapo mumarudzi ese; mamwe akave asina mapapiro panguva yekushanduka-shanduka.
2. Nhamba yemakumbo: Vakuru vanogara vaine vaviri vaviri, zvisinei nekwavanogara.
3. Special glands: Dzinobudisa chinhu chine hwema hwakasimba hunoshanda kudzinga zvikara.
4. Setae uye proboscis: Kuita semapari emuromo anoshandiswa kubaya nekunwa zvinwiwa zvakaita seropa, muto wechirimwa, nezvimwe.

Hukuru hwetsikidzi hunosiyana kubva pamamirimita mashoma kusvika pagumi nemashanu masendimita. Muviri unowanzoita oval, flat, wakafukidzwa negoko rechitinous. Ruvara rwakasiyanawo, runoratidza nzira dzakasiyana dzekupona, uye runosanganisira mavara akajeka kunyevera nezvenjodzi. Zvipembenene zvinoshandisa cimycin acid kudzinga zvikara.

Bug. Kinds

Nhengo dze suborder Heteroptera dzinosanganisira marudzi akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira ivhu, mvura, imba, kunze, herbivorous, predatory and ectoparasitic bugs. Herbivores, kana phytophages, inodya muto wemashizha, mbeu uye michero. Zvipembenene zvinodya zvinobata zvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana, makonye nemainvertebrates. Ectoparasites, inozivikanwawo sehematophages, inodya paropa rezvisikwa zvine ropa rinodziya, kusanganisira vanhu.

Ntsikidzi dzinoiswawo pasi zvichienderana nehukama hwadzo nevanhu - dzinogona kubatsira kana kutyisidzira vanhu. Zvipembenene zvakawanda hazvikuvadzi zvachose kuvanhu, asi kunewo huwandu hwezvipembenene zvakananga, zvakadai sebhedha rinozivikanwa. Ngatinyatso tarisisa mhando dzakasiyana idzi.

Zvipembenene zvemvura

Mhando dzakasiyana dzetsikidzi dzinogara munzvimbo dzinogara mumvura, kusanganisira:

1. Zvifambiso zvemvura: Izvi zvipembenene zvine makumbo marefu, zvinozivikanwa nevakawanda kubva paudiki, zvinofamba pamusoro pemvura. Iyi mhuri yakakura inosanganisira zvinopfuura 700 marudzi. Vanodya zvipembenene zvinowira mumvura uye overwinter pakati pemashizha akawa.
2. Zvinyavada zvemvura: Iyi haisi mhuka chete, asi mhuri yose, kubatanidza marudzi anopfuura mazana maviri akasiyana. Hurefu hwepakati pezvipembenene zvebrown izvi zvingangoita 4,5 centimita. Havakwanisi kushambira uye kugara mumvura isina kudzika, vachishandisa appendage yakakosha yekufema.
3. Belostoma guru: Chipembenene ichi chinokatyamadza nehukuru hwayo, hunokwanisa kusvika masendimita gumi. Inotovhima turtles uye imhuka isingawanikwe muRussia.
4. Plautus vulgare: Chipembenene chemvura chinobata hove, magonye, ​​mollusks nezvimwe zvipembenene.
5. Gladysh: Chipembenene chemvura chinokwanisa kubhururuka, chikafu chayo chine zvipembenene uye kunyange hove diki. Kuruma kwaro, kunyange zvazvo kuchigona kuruma, hakuisi ngozi kuvanhu.

Njodzi dzevhu

Zvipembenene zvinogara munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira huswa, ivhu, miti nemakwenzi. Kujairana kwavo nemamiriro ekunze kwakasiyana - kubva mugwenga uye steppe kusvika tundra. Zvipembenene izvi zvinowanikwa munzvimbo dzakasikwa uye munzvimbo dzinopisa dzevanhu dzakadai sematanga, huku uye dzimba.

Imwe yemhuri dzakawanda kwazvo dzezvipembenene zvepavhu tsikidzi dzinonhuwa, dzinozivikanwawo setsikidzi dzemiti nekuda kwehoko yakaita senhovo kumisana yavo. Zvisinei, havangogari mumiti chete. Kune anopfuura zviuru zvina marudzi ezvipembenene zvinonhuwa, mazhinji acho anokonzera kukuvadza kwakakomba kukurima.

Mamwe akakosha emhando dzezvinonhuwa tsikidzi dzinosanganisira:

1. Berry shield: Chirwere chitsvuku-chitsvuku chinodya muto wema berries, pamwe chete nemashizha uye mashizha emiti yekurima.
2. Lined shield: Yakapendwa nemitsetse mitsvuku nemitema. A herbivorous bug inodya inflorescences yedhiri, parsley uye karoti.
3. Marbled shield: Chirwere chinokurumidza kubereka chinodya muto wezvirimwa zvakasiyana uye overwinter mumakamuri anopisa, sezvivakwa zvekugara.
4. Shield turtle: Kukuvadza uye kudya zviyo, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kukuru kune zvekurima, uye yakakamurwa kuva anopfuura makumi mashanu marudzi.

Mhando dzetsikidzi dzinobatsira

Mamwe marudzi etsikidzi anogona kubatsira zvinooneka kuvanhu. Pakati pemhando idzi ndezvi:

1. Tsvuku tsvuku isina mapapiro, kana musoja bug: Nekudyisa mhuka dzakafa dzisina mutsindo uye mashizha akaoma, tsikidzi iyi inomhanyisa maitiro ekuzvichenesa kwezvisikwa.
2. Ruva Bugs: Mamwe marudzi anodya maaphid, mite, mhunga uye mazai ezvipembenene zvinokuvadza. Anotorimwa kudzivirira maruva nezvimwe zvirimwa.
3. Zicron blue: Kudya mazai nemhonye yezvipembenene zvemashizha zvinokuvadza, iyi bug inochengetedza mashizha emiti, kusanganisira iyo inokura nevanhu. Inobatsirawo kuderedza nhamba yeColorado potato nyuchi dzinorwisa mbatatisi.
4. Perillus: Imwe tsikidzi inofarira kudya zvipembenene zvemashizha, kusanganisira vakuru vadzo.

Mhando dzinokuvadza dzetsikidzi

Zvino ngatitarisei mhando dzetsikidzi dzinokuvadza. Chekutanga, tsikidzi inovasiyanisa nevamwe.

Mukuwedzera, pakati pezvipembenene izvi pane zvipembenene zvakawanda, zvakadai se:

1. Rapeseed uye cruciferous bugs: Zvipembenene izvi zvinodya zvirimwa zvakakosha zvekurima senge rapeseed, radishes, turnips uye makabheji, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kukuru kuzvirimwa.
2. "Bad Turtle": Chipembenene ichi chinoisa njodzi kuzvirimwa zvezviyo. Goko rayo rinoita kuti zviome kusiyanisa zvinomera. Zvipembenene zvezvipembenene izvi zvinoonekwa panguva yekuibva kwechirimwa uye zvinoparadza zviyo pamwe chete nevakuru.
3. Chiedza chegirini chinonhuwa (kana berry bug): Kudyisa majiroji emhando dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai se gooseberries uye raspberries, iyi bug inosiya kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi pavari, ichiita kuti michero isakodzere kudyiwa. Mukuwedzera, inoisa njodzi huru kune zvirimwa zvezviyo.

Mhando dzetsikidzi dzomumba

Pamhando dzese dzetsikidzi dzinokuvadza, ectoparasites yemumba inoisa njodzi huru kuvanhu. Izwi iri rinobata tsikidzi dzinodya ropa remhuka nevanhu. Kune akati wandei emhando dzerudzi urwu rwezvipembenene zvinogara mudzimba. Iwo madiki muhukuru uye ane chimiro chemuviri wakatsetseka, asi mushure mekunwa ropa vanova vakakura zvakanyanya. Ivo havana mapapiro nemeso, asi vanotsiva izvi neyakagadziridzwa pfungwa yekunhuhwirira, kubata uye nekukurumidza makumbo. Zvipembenene zvezvipembenene izvi zvinoyera 1-4 mm, vakuru - kusvika 6 mm.

Mhuri ectoparasites inogara munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, makatsemuka uye mukati mezvikamu zvefenicha. Vanokwanisa kufamba pakati pemafurati akasiyana kana kunyange dzimba, vachifarira kuva husiku.

Pasinei nekupararira kwakapararira kuti tsikidzi dzinosveta ropa dzinogara pamibhedha chete uye dzinonwa ropa revanhu chete, ichi hachisi chokwadi. Vamwe vavo vanogara mumapako uye vanopararisa zviremwaremwa. Vamwe, vakadai se "medza tsikidzi", vanosarudza ropa reshiri, asi havazorambi ropa revanhu kana vakapihwa mukana.

Chitsikidzi, kana tsikidzi yemumba, yakajairika munyika dzese dzepasi. Hapana asingadziviriri pazviri, zvisinei nemararamiro kana upfumi. Nekudaro, mamwe marudzi eectoparasites epamba haawanzo uye haagari muRussia, achisarudza nyika dzinodziya.

Izvi zvinosanganisira, semuenzaniso:

1. Triatomous: Iyi mhando yebug ine njodzi; kuruma kwayo kunogona kukonzera anaphylactic shock. Iyo zvakare inotakura chirwere cheChagas.
2. Kupisa: Iwe unogona kufungidzira kubva pazita kuti kuruma kwayo kukonzeresa allergic reaction.

MuRussia, marudzi matatu anonyanya kuzivikanwa emabhedha ndeaya:

1. Cimex lectularius: Mhando yakapararira kwazvo yezvipembenene zvemumba zvinodya ropa remunhu. Hardy uye inokwanisa kutsanya kwenguva yakareba.
2. Occiacus hirundinis: Kumedza tsikidzi, dzinogonawo kudya ropa remunhu. Vanotakura zvirwere zvine njodzi.
3. Cimex pipistrelli: Rudzi rwetsikidzi urwu runodya ropa rezviremwaremwa.

Dzimwe nguva muRussia unogona kuwana dzinopisa subspecies tsikidzi - Cimex hemipterus.

Nei tsikidzi dzichikuvadza?

Hupenyu hwebug bug hunotora nguva yemwedzi gumi nemaviri kusvika gumi nemina. Kana tsikidzi dzichiruma munhu, dzinogona kusveta kusvika hafu yemirita yeropa, nepo chipembenene chikuru chinogona kuda mamirimita manomwe pakuruma kamwe chete. Mushure mekurumwa, zviratidzo zveunhu zvinoonekwa: ganda rinoshanduka dzvuku, rinotanga kuputika, uye kuputika kunogona kuitika. Nekudaro, nekuda kwechinhu chakakosha chine analgesic mhedzisiro yakavanzwa nebug, kurumwa kunogona kusaoneka, uye vanhu vazhinji havatombozviona.

Kubvisa tsikidzi hakusi nyore, zvichiita kuti dzive dambudziko guru kuvanhu. Padzinoberekera mumibhedha nenzvimbo dzekugara, dzinogona kutambudza munhu nekurumwa kusingaperi. Kunyangwe izvi zvisiri zvekutyisidzira kwakananga kuhutano hwemuviri (kunze kwekunge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchidzora). Uyezve, kana tsikidzi dzikafamba nepakati pedzimba dzakasiyana-siyana, dzinogona kutakura zvirwere. Nzvimbo dzekuruma dzinogonawo kukonzera kusingafadzi kukwenya, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko akasiyana eganda.

Zvipembenene zvinosarudza tembiricha inobvira pa25 kusvika 30 madhigirii celsius uye inonzwa zvakanyanya nekuchinja kwetembiricha. Havagoni kushivirira kuchinja kwakamwe kamwe mukupisa kana kuti kutonhora. Mukuwedzera, vanotya mishonga yezvipembenene yakasimba, kunyange, zvinosuruvarisa, tsikidzi dziri kukura kushorwa nemishonga iyi, uye naizvozvo dzimwe nzira dzinoshanda uye nzira dzokudzora dzinodiwa.

FAQ

Chii chaunofanira kuita kana vavakidzani vako vaine tsikidzi?

Nhanho ine mufungo zvikuru ndeyokuva nekurukurirano yakasununguka navavakidzani vako, uko unogona kukwevera ngwariro yavo kuchinetso chacho. Kurukurai matanho anobvira kudzora tsikidzi uye kupa rubatsiro, sekuongorora fenicha pamwe chete, kuita kuchenesa, kana kunyange kubhadhara chikamu chemutengo wekurapwa kwehunyanzvi. Ramba uchifunga kuti dambudziko revavakidzani vako rinogona kukanganisa kwete ivo chete, asiwo iwe, kuwedzera njodzi yezvipembenene izvi mumba mako.

Ko tsikidzi dzinotyei?

Chimwe chiri kunyanya kunetsa tsikidzi kushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene kurapa kwadzinogara. Vamwe vanhu vanogona kuramba zvishoma nezvishoma. Uyezve, tsikidzi hadzigoni kushivirira kuchinja kwetembiricha kamwe kamwe.

Nzira yekubvisa sei tsikidzi kumba?

Kune nzira dzakawanda dzakakosha dzinokubvumira kuparadza tsikidzi pasina kubatanidzwa kwenyanzvi. Kugadzirira kwakadai se dichlorvos, karbofos nezvimwe zvinogona kushandiswa pakurapa kumba. Kuti ibudirire zvakanyanya uye chengetedzo, mirairo yekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe inofanirwa kuteedzerwa zvakanyanya.

Nzira yekuona tsikidzi?

Zvipembenene zvemumba zvinowanzosarudza fenicha inoshandiswa pakurara, senge mibhedha kana masofa, senzvimbo yavo yekugara. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kunyatsoongorora nzvimbo yekurara, kusanganisira makona, majoini, pasi uye kumashure. Kana zvichibvira, tendeuka uye bvisa sofa. Ipfungwa yakanaka zvakare kutarisa mimwe midziyo yemumba, kunyanya mubhedhuru.