Small brown ticks: njodzi kumhuka nevanhu, nzira dzekubvisa uye nzira dzekudzivirira kubva pakurumwa

Chikwekwe chebrown chinoratidzika sei?

Kuonekwa kweparasite kunoenderana nekusiyana kwayo, danho rekukura uye dhigirii rekuzara neropa. Brown zvikwekwe zvinogona kuva nemhando dzinotevera:

Vamiririri vemarudzi ose aya vane maitiro akafanana e-morphological, asi mumwe nomumwe wavo akaparadzaniswa kuva rudzi rwakasiyana zvichienderana nesainzi. Kupfuurirazve muchinyorwa tinotaura nezve yakaparadzana rudzi rwechikwekwe - brown imbwa chikwekwe.

Morphology

Zvinosiyanisa zvebrown dog tick:

• chimiro chemuviri chakati sandara, chakaita semisodzi, chinotsvedza chakananga kumudziyo wemuromo;
• mumusoro mune zvinoruma nekuyamwa nhengo dzekudya;
• ruvara rwemuviri rima kana tsvuku-tsvuku;
• kureba kwemuviri ndeye 2-4 mm, kudyiswa neropa, chikwekwe chinowedzera muhukuru ne 10-15 mm;
• hapana maziso kana kuti asinganyanyi kuoneka;
• mukuru ane makumbo mana.

Dzinogona kubhururuka kana kusvetuka

Geographic distribution

Chipembenene ichi chakapararira kumakondinendi ese. MuRussia, inowanzowanikwa pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Dzvuku, Crimea, Western uye Eastern Transcaucasia. Kubva kunyika dzakavakidzana - muArmenia, Turkmenistan. Chipembenene chinogarawo muMediterranean, South Asia neAmerica.

Kudyisa zvinhu zvezvipembenene

Iyo brown tick inofarira kuruma vamiriri veiyo canine order, zvisinei, kana pasina munhu akakodzera akabatwa, inogona zvakare kurwisa munhu. Kunamatira imbwa, chipembenene chinonwa ropa kwemazuva masere, nguva yose iyi inoramba iri panzvimbo imwe.

Kana munhu akava nyajambwa, anoita parasitize pamuviri wake kwerinenge zuva.

Zvikwekwe zvine muromo wakakwana wekushandisa, unosanganisira chelicerae uye pedipalps. Nekubatsirwa kwe pedipalps, chipembenene chinobaya ganda, chelicerae inoratidzika seproboscis ine notches. Kutsanya kwenguva refu hakudziviriri mhute dzinodya nyama kubva pakurarama.

Mukusavapo kwezvokudya uye pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka, chirwere ichi chinowira mumamiriro eanabiosis, iyo inogona kusvika kusvika kumakore matatu.. Mushure mekunwa ropa, chipembenene chinokwanisa zvakare kushingaira kubereka uye kubudirira.

Kubereka

Kubereka kune bisexual, vanhu vakaparadzaniswa zvakajeka kuva varume nevakadzi. Maparasite madiki anowana muenzi uye otanga kudyisa nekusangana. Mushure mekuzara, mukadzi anosiya muviri wemubati uye anoenda kune oviposition. Kuwanda kwemazai akaiswa kunoenderana nehuwandu hwekuzara kwemukadzi neropa uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza. Paavhareji, mukadzi mumwe chete anokandira mazai 200-1700.

Development

Avhareji yehupenyu hwechikwekwe mazuva makumi matanhatu nematatu. Kazhinji, matanho ose ekukura kwayo, arachnid inopfuura nejasi rembwa imwe kana mune imwe imbwa kennel. Matanho ekukura kwebrown tick:

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti gonye uye nymph ane ngozi kune mhuka uye vanhu, sezvo vatove vatakuri zvirwere ngozi. Zvikwekwe zvisati zvasvika pakukura kazhinji kazhinji zvinorwisa mhuka, kwete vanhu.

Zvisikwa zvine hukama nemorphologically

Muchitarisiko, imbwa chikwekwe chakafanana neRhipcephalus rossicus uye Rhipicephalus bursa. Vamiririri vemarudzi aya vanosiyaniswa nehupamhi dorsal shield mumukadzi, vachigadzira arc yenguva dzose. Chimiro chevarume ndeye oblong-oval peritreme uye yakafara process, yakakombamira kudivi remushure.

Sei zvikwekwe zvidiki zvidiki zvine njodzi?

Ngozi yezvipembenene izvi iri mukukwanisa kutakura zvirwere zvinotapuriranwa nekuzvibata kuburikidza nekurumwa. Mukuwedzera, kurumwa kwechikwekwe kunogona kukonzera kusawirirana kusvika kune anaphylactic shock.

Chikwekwe chinopinda sei pamunhu

Zvikwekwe zvinokwira pamashizha euswa nemakwenzi akaderera. Ikoko ivo, vachitambanudza maoko avo epamberi, vakamirira mhuka yavo, iyo inogona kuva imbwa uye munhu.

Chipembenene hachigoni kusvetuka kubva kumhuka chichienda kumunhu, asi chinogona kukambaira panguva yokumbundira kwenguva refu kana kuti imbwa iri pamubhedha mumwe chete nomunhu.

Tiki mitemo yekubvisa

Kana chirwere chebrown chikaonekwa pamuviri, chinofanira kubviswa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira - izvi zvinoderedza njodzi yekubata zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nezvikwekwe. Kuti uite izvi, zvinokurudzirwa kuonana nesangano rezvokurapa, asi kana izvi zvisingabviri, unofanirwa kuita iwe pachako.

Mabudiro echikwekwe chidiki chebrown

Iyo algorithm yekubvisa imbwa chikwekwe haina kusiyana nezvirongwa zvekubvisa mamwe maparasite akafanana:

1. Gadzirira mudziyo une chivharo chakasimba kuitira kuti pakarepo uise ropasucker mairi. Zvinokurudzirwawo kuisa chidimbu chiduku chekotoni yakanyoroveswa nemvura ipapo.
2. Chengetedza ganda kubva pakubata nekiti: pfeka magirovhosi ekurapa, sunga zvigunwe zvako nezvidimbu zve gauze.
3. Uchishandisa tweezers, chishandiso chakakosha, kana zvigunwe zvako chete, bata parasite padyo neganda sezvinobvira.
4. Zvishoma nezvishoma penya chikwekwe mune chero nzira uye bvisa. Zvakakosha kuita zvakanyatsonaka, pasina kuita kamwe kamwe mafambiro.
5. Isa chipembenene chakabviswa mumudziyo uye uvhare chivharo.
6. Disinfect nzvimbo yekuruma nechero antiseptic: hydrogen peroxide, doro, iodine.

Zvadaro, unofanirwa kuongorora ronda: kana doti dema richionekwa pasi peganda, ipapo musoro wekiti wakabva uye wakaramba uri mumuviri wemunhu akabatwa. Muchiitiko ichi, unogona kuedza kuibvisa netsono, se splinter. Kana zvakanga zvisingabviri, ingozadza iyo iodine - mushure memazuva mashomanana muviri pachawo ucharamba muviri wekunze.

kuruma chikwekwe chebrown

Yakanamatira pamuviri wemhuka, chipembenene chinogona kunwa ropa kwemazuva masere, asi chichibuda kunze kweganda. Chikwekwe chinopedza nguva shoma pamuviri wemunhu: rinenge zuva. Inogona kunge iripo zvishoma kana yakazvibatanidza nenzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa nebvudzi. Kana chikwekwe chisina kuonekwa, chinodonha chega. Panguva imwecheteyo, chiratidzo chicharamba chiri panzvimbo yekurumwa negomba rinoonekwa pakati, panzvimbo iyo musoro wake waiva.

Chikwekwe chinowanzoruma sei uye kupi?

Maparasite ane pfungwa yakanyanyisa yekunhuwa, anowana akabatwa nerubatsiro rwemitezo yakakosha yekunzwa. Kana mhuka kana munhu aswedera, chipembenene chinoisa makumbo acho mberi uye chinonamatira pamvere kana ganda nazvo. Zvipembenene zvinoda kuruma munzvimbo dzine ganda rakatetepa uye rakatetepa. Nzvimbo dzaunofarira dzekuruma mumhuka:

• dumbu;
• mutsipa;
• groin area;
• makumbo eshure munzvimbo yehudyu;
• nzeve.

Pavanhu, zvikwekwe zvinonyanya kuwanikwa:

• mutsipa;
• nzvimbo iri shure kwenzeve;
• mativi emukati emakumbo;
• pasi pemabvi;
• nzvimbo yehapwa;
• dumbu;
• groin.

Mate eparasite ane enzyme ine analgesic effect, saka kuruma hakukonzeri kusagadzikana uye kazhinji kunoenda kusingaonekwi kwenguva yakareba.

Zvekuita kana warumwa nechikwekwe

Chokutanga pane zvose, zvakakosha kubvisa hutachiona nekukurumidza sezvinobvira uye kutumira ku laboratori kuti iongororwe. Kana munhu akabatwa neropa, anofanira kuenda kuchipatara.

Vanachiremba vachapa mazano pamusoro pekudzivirira kwehutachiona nehutachiona hwehutachiona, kana zvichidiwa, nzira ye immunoglobulin uye antiviral mishonga inogona kurongerwa.

Kushanyira chipatara kunofanira kunge kuri mukati memazuva matatu mushure mekurwiswa kweparasite. Izvo zvinodikanwa kumaka zuva rekurumwa pakarenda uye kutarisa mamiriro ehutano kwemazuva makumi maviri nerimwe.

Kana zviratidzo zvinotyisa zvikaonekwa, zvakadai sefivha, kushaya simba, kurwadziwa kwemisumbu, unofanira kukurumidza kubvunza chiremba. Kana chikwekwe charuma mhuka, zvinokurudzirwa zvakafanana: unofanira kuonana nachiremba wemhuka kuti uwane mamwe mirairo uye kutevera kwemavhiki matatu.

Zvirwere zvinotakurwa nezvikwekwe

Canine brown tick haashivirire zvirwere zvinotapurwa nezvikwekwe zvakadai se encephalitis uye chirwere cheLyme. Nekudaro, vanogona kutapurira zvimwe zvirwere zvine njodzi:

1. Babesiosis (piroplasmosis). Chirwere chinotyisa kune imbwa. Utachiona hunopinda mumasero matsvuku eropa uye hunokonzera kupererwa neropa kwakanyanya. Kazhinji zvinotungamirira kurufu. Zviratidzo zveunhu: ropa muweti, yellowing ye mucous membranes. Inozviratidzawo nenzira yekushaya simba, kusava nehanya, fivha.
2. Anaplasmosis. Utachiona uhwu hunokanganisa maplatelet, zvichiita kuti ropa risagwamba. Zviratidzo zvekunze zvehutachiona: kuneta, fivha, kushaya chido.
3. Rickettsiosis (Marseilles fever). Acute infectious pathology ine zvinotevera zviratidzo: mapundu eganda senge roseola, kuzvimba lymph nodes, fivha. Chirwere ichi chine njodzi kuvanhu.
4. Crimean hemorrhagic fever, inonyanya kuzivikanwa se "Crimea chirwere". Chirwere chinotanga nefivha, kuwedzera kukuru kwekushisa kwemuviri. Utachiona hunokonzera vascular endothelium, zvichiita kuti nosebleeds, kubuda ropa. Kubuda ropa mudumbu kunogona kuitika, izvo zvakanyanya kuipa kufungidzira. Chirwere ichi chinobata vanhu chete.

Nzira dzekudzivirira kubva kune zvikwekwe

Kune zvakawanda zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira zvipembenene pamusika nhasi. Ose awo anoshanda kusvika pamwero wakati uye haafaniri kuregeredzwa mukushandiswa kwawo.

Zvinodzinga

Chiito chezvipembenene chinobva pakudzinga zvipembenene nerubatsiro rwekunhuhwirira kusingafadzi kwavari. Kugadzirira kunogadzirwa nenzira ye sprays, lotions, aerosols uye mafuta. Mishonga mizhinji inogona kuiswa munzvimbo dzakavhurika dzemuviri, uye inogona zvakare kushandiswa kurapa zvipfeko nemidziyo. Anonyanya kufarirwa kwavari ndeaya:

Acaricides

Kazhinji kazhinji, kugadzirira kweacaricidal kunogadzirwa nenzira yeaerosols. Active ingredients, alfamethrin, cypermethrin, vane nerve-paralytic effect pane chikwekwe, semugumisiro wekuti parasite inorasikirwa nekukwanisa kwayo kufamba uye inonyangarika kubva paganda kana zvipfeko.

Acaricides ane chepfu zvakanyanya, saka haifanirwe kuiswa munzvimbo dzakavhurika dzemuviri. Zvipfeko zvinofanira kugadziriswa pasina kupfeka. Mishonga inoshanda kwazvo ine acaricidal action:

Kugadzirira kwemishonga yezvipembenene

Kugadzirira kweboka iri kunoonekwa seyakanyanya kushanda, sezvo ichibatanidza gadziriro yavo yekudzivirira uye acaricidal. Kubudirira kudzivirira kwete chete kubva kune zvikwekwe, asiwo kubva kune zvimwe zvipembenene.

Kuzvidzivirira

Parizvino, mushonga wekudzivirira wakagadzirwa chete wetick-borne encephalitis. Unogona kubayiwa nhomba pane chero chipatara chine rezinesi. Upenyu hwakabaiwa, kana hutachiona huchipinda, hunohuziva uye hunotanga kurwisana nahwo.

Overalls

Paunenge uchienda kunzvimbo dzinowanzogara zvikwekwe, zvipfeko zvinodzivirira zvinofanira kupfekwa. Iwe unofanirwa kusarudza zvinhu mumumvuri wakajeka - zviri nyore kuona parasite pairi.

Mabhurugwa anofanirwa kuiswa mumasokisi, macuffs anofanira kunyatsokwana pamaoko.

Chikwekwe chinokambaira kubva pasi zvichikwira, saka zviri nani kupinza bhachi mutirauzi. Inosungirwa yakakwira collar uye musoro, hood. Special anti-tick suits dziri kutengeswa zvakare.

Rubatsiro rwekurapa nekuruma kana uchinyorera

Kuruma kwechikwekwe kunokonzera kutya mune vakawanda, asi iwe unofanirwa kuita wakadzikama uye nechivimbo. Iwe unogona kubata chero nzvimbo yekurapa: dhipatimendi rekuvhiya, dhipatimendi rekukurumidzira, imba yekukurumidzira. Kana izvi zvisingaitike, chikiti chakabviswa pachacho uye hapana zvichemo, iwe uchiri kuda kuona chiremba mukati memazuva matatu. Zvirwere zvinotapukira zvine ngozi zvinogona kusaoneka kwenguva yakareba; chiremba anozonyora ese anodiwa ekudzivirira matanho.

Kudzora matanho

Parizvino, matanho akawanda akagadzirwa kurwisa ixodid zvikwekwe. Vanogona kuitwa nerubatsiro rwenyanzvi kana iwe pachako.

Kurwa mabasa

Disinsection inogona kuitwa yakazvimiririra, zvisinei, zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa hazvishande semakemikari akakosha.

Nyanzvi dzinoziva kuti sei uye muhuwandu hupi hwekupfapfaidza zvigadzirwa zvakadaro kuitira kuti zvive zvakachengeteka, vanoshanda nerubatsiro rwemichina yakakosha, pasina izvo kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka kuchave kwakakura kwazvo.

Pamusoro pezvo, zvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi zvinodhura uye zvinotengeswa mumapaketi makuru, anokwana kurapa nzvimbo dzinoverengeka.

Matanho ekudzivirira

Pamusoro pekurapa saiti kurwisa zvikwekwe, zvinodikanwa kuita matanho ekudzivirira:

• kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekudzivirira yemhuka (collar, madonhwe, emulsions, etc.) uye vanhu (repellents, acaricides, kudzivirira zvipfeko);
• dzivisa kusvibisa nzvimbo: bvisa tsvina yemiti, mashizha akawa;
• kurwisa makonzo: ndiwo mapfekero epamusoro eixodid tick larvae.