Mhando dzezvikwekwe mudunhu reMoscow uye kwete chete: nzira yekuzvidzivirira kubva kune vanotakura zvirwere uye zvekuita nekurumwa

Chikwekwe chemusango chinotaridzika sei

Kazhinji, ukuru hwemuviri we arachnid haupfuure 3 mm., Vakadzi vanotaridzika kureba kupfuura varume. Mushure mekunwa ropa, chikwekwe chinowedzera muhukuru ne 10-15 mm. Vakuru vane 4 paws yemakumbo, pane iyo claws uye suckers. Zvikwekwe hazvina mapapiro uye hazvigoni kusvetukira kure. Maparasite haanawo maziso, anofamba ari muchadenga achibatsirwa nenhengo dzakakosha dzekunzwa.

Mhando dzemusango

Uchifamba musango, unogona kusangana nemhando dzakasiyana dzemaparasite. Mhando yega yega yetiki ine ruvara rwayo, chimiro chemuviri uye mararamiro.

Chikwekwe chinogara kupi

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvikwekwe dzinogara papasi pese pese, iwo ese ane zvaanoda zvakafanana: anoda mvura uye ine rima nzvimbo. Zvikwekwe zvine ngozi zveiscod zvinowanzowanikwa munzira dzakakura, lawn, nemakoronga.

Parizvino, vanoyamwa ropa vanowedzera vanorwisa vanhu mumapaki eguta, munzvimbo dzakasvibira dzezvivanze, nepo kutema uswa nehuswa haisi vimbiso yekuti chikwekwe hachizogari pairi.

Pane fungidziro yakajairika yekuti zvikwekwe zvinogara pamatavi emiti uye zvinosvetukira kune avo vabatwa kubva ipapo. Izvi hazvina kudaro: zvikwekwe hazvikwanise kusvetuka, kumhanya nekukurumidza, kufamba nzendo refu uye kubhururuka.

Zvikwekwe zvinohwanda kupi munguva yechando?

Muviri wechikwekwe une yakasarudzika sisitimu yekuzvitonga, nekuda kweiyo inokwanisa kuwira mune yakamiswa animation kana kutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze apinda - iyi imhando yeanalogue yekunyura kwemhuka dzinoyamwisa. Zvipembenene zvisina kukuvadza kumuviri zvinogona kumirira kunze kwemwaka wechando uye kuwedzera kushanda nekutanga kwekupisa.

Kana kutonhora kuchidonha kusvika -10, maitiro ese ari mumuviri wearachnid anononoka uye chipembenene chinotanga kutsvaga pekugara munguva yechando. Panongowanikwa nzvimbo yakakodzera, utachiona hunomira kufamba uye hunowira muanimation yakamiswa. Kazhinji, ropasuckers munguva yechando munzvimbo dzinotevera:

• mashizha akawa;
• uswa;
• moss;
• madhipoziti emarara;
• Forest floor;
• nzvimbo pakati pemidzi yemiti.

Kana chikwekwe chakapinda mumba, chinogona kugara kwenguva yakareba sei mufurati

Imba iyi inzvimbo isingafadzi yehupenyu hwechikwekwe, saka inowira mune yakamiswa animation - metabolic maitiro anenge akamira, chipembenene hachifambi. Munzvimbo iyi, chikwekwe chinogona kugara kusvika makore masere. Kana munhu akabatwa achionekwa, anokurumidza kuuya kuhupenyu, anodhakwa neropa uye anoenderera mberi nehupenyu hwake hwemazuva ose.

Zvimiro zvehunhu nemararamiro

Matikiti anotanga kuratidza chiitiko mukupera kwaKurume-kutanga kwaKubvumbi (zvichienderana nenharaunda). Kuti vamuke kubva muhubernation, zvinodikanwa kuti ivhu ridziye kusvika kune tembiricha ye + 3-5 madhigirii, uye avhareji tembiricha yezuva nezuva inosvika +10 madhigirii.

Zvipembenene zvinoshanda kusvika Nyamavhuvhu-Gunyana, kusvika tembiricha yakadzika yadonha kusvika padanho rakafanana.

Chikwekwe chechikadzi chinokandira mazai mukutanga kwezhizha, nekuda kweizvi chinoda kudyiswa. Mapere anobuda kubva mazai, uye kana akakwanisa kuyamwa ropa remuenzi munguva pfupi iri kutevera, anoenda kune imwe nhanho yekuvandudza mugore rimwe chete.

Huwandu hwevanhu uye kuwanda kwezvipembenene zvakananga zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze: kana chirimo chaitonhorera, paine mvura zhinji, uye nguva yechando yaidziya uye ine chando, zvino gore rinotevera huwandu hwemaparasite hunowedzera.

Kana mwana wacho anoramba aine nzara, zvino inowira muhubernation uye inoenderera mberi nekukura kwayo mugore rinotevera. Kusarudza munhu akabatwa uye kutamira kumuviri wake, parasite haatange kusveta ropa rake pakarepo. Dzimwe nguva maawa gumi nemaviri anopfuura kubva panguva yekusangana kusvika panguva yekuyamwa.

Pamuviri wemunhu, vanonyanya kukwezvwa nenzvimbo dzine vhudzi, pamwe nenzvimbo dziri seri kwenzeve, magokora, uye mutsipa. Vana vanowanzorumwa mumusoro. Nguva yakareba yekusvetwa kwekwekwe ndeye maminitsi gumi nemashanu. Mate emushonga ane mushonga wekutindivadza, saka kuruma kwawo hakuoneki kune anenge abatwa.

Chimiro chemagariro uye kubereka

Zvikwekwe zvakakamurwa zvakajeka kuita rume nehadzi. Zvimiro uye nzira yekubereka nayo zvinoenderana nemhando. Vazhinji vavo vane oviparous, uye viviparous marudzi anozivikanwawo. Mukadzi anokwanisa kukandira mazai anosvika zviuru gumi nezvinomwe.

Pakuberekeswa kwemukadzi, murume haadiwi, asi kana kubereka kukaitika pasina kubatanidzwa kwake, magonye echikadzi chete anoberekwa, uye kana murume akabatanidzwa, vose vakadzi nevarume.

Chikwekwe chechirume hachinyatso sarudza chikadzi, munhu anenge ari padhuze panguva ino anova mukwanyina wekuroora.

Mushure mekusangana, mukono unofa, asi kana pane dzimwe hadzi pedyo, inogona kuwana nguva yekudziisawo. Zvipembenene zvine matanho akati wandei ekukura:

Chikwekwe chinodyei

Maererano nemhando yezvokudya, zvipembenene zvakakamurwa kuva marudzi maviri:

• saprophages;
• zvikara.

Vazhinji vamiririri veboka rekutanga vanozivikanwa sevanobatsira kune zvakatipoteredza. Vanodya zvisaririra zvehupenyu, nokudaro zvichibatsira mukukura kwe humus. Asi muboka resaprophages kunewo zvipembenene - zvipembenene zvinodya pamiti yemiti.

Zvipembenene zvakadaro nekupinda kwavo zvinogona kuparadza goho rose rezvirimwa zvekurima. Kune zvakare guruva uye scabi mite - havarwise vanhu, vanodya pane zvimedu zveepidermis, asi vachiri kukuvadza muviri wemunhu, zvichikonzera kusawirirana.

Kune rumwe rudzi rwesaprophage - barn mites. Vanoshandisa masara ezviyo neupfu zvinoora pakudya.

Zvikara zvinorwisa mhuka dzine ropa rinodziya uye vanhu, vanodya ropa ravo. Chimiro chemuviri wezvipembenene zvakadaro zvinovabvumira kunamatira zvakasimba paganda nebvudzi remunhu akabatwa, nerubatsiro rwezvigadzirwa zvemuromo zvakagadziridzwa, mhuka inoparadza inobaya ganda uye inosveta ropa.

Chikwekwe chinonzwisisa sei kuti munhu abatwa ari pedyo nemusimboti wekuvhima

Zvikwekwe zvizhinji hazvina maziso, saka hazvigoni kuona mhuka. Asi mumuviri wavo kune nhengo dzakakosha dzekunzwa, nerubatsiro rwekuti ropasucker rinopindirana nekupisa kweanoswedera pedyo, kufema kwake, kunhuwa.

MaArachnids haakwanise kuvhima mupfungwa chaiyo: haakwanise kuronda kana kubata mhuka. Zano ravo nderekumirira panzvimbo chaipo. Chipembenene chinotora nzvimbo yakasununguka, semuenzaniso, pashizha rakareba reuswa, uye chinomirira nechemberi kwayo yemakumbo mberi.

Kana munhu angango batwa angopinda mumunda wekuona, muyamwa weropa anotendeuka achienda kwaakananga uye anotanga kuita mafambiro netsoka dzake dzemberi kusvika asangana neakabatwa.

Mhunza yesango inorarama kwenguva yakareba sei

Hupenyu hunotarisirwa hweparasite hunoenderana nemamiriro ekunze uye kwahunogara. Kazhinji, zvipembenene izvi zvinoshanda chaizvo: pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akaipa, zvinowira muanabiosis. Chikwekwe chemusango chinogona kurarama kusvika makore 7-8, asi haasi munhu wese anorarama hupenyu hwakareba kudaro, nekuti zvipembenene zvakakura, shiri, uye makonzo zvinodya pazviri munzvimbo yavo yechisikigo.

Chipembenene chinogona kuparadzwa nemunhu: nekupwanya kana nerubatsiro rwemaitiro anokosha. Nguva yenguva dzakasiyana dzehupenyu hwe arachnids:

• zai - kubva kumavhiki maviri kusvika kumwedzi miviri;
• mhute uye nymph - kubva pavhiki kusvika kumwedzi 1,5;
• chipembenene chevakuru - makore 1-8.

Vavengi vezvisikwa zvechikwekwe

Zvipembenene zviri pamagumo echeni yezvokudya, saka vane vavengi vakawanda venyama. Panguva imwecheteyo, munhu haakwanisi kutadza kuona kukosha kwavo kweketani iyi: kana zvipembenene zvikanyangarika, ipapo marudzi mazhinji emhuka anodya paari achaperawo.

Munzvimbo yadzinogara, mite yemusango inodya:

• shiri (kazhinji shiri duku);
• zvipembenene zvikuru (mukonikoni, zvipembenene pasi, tsikidzi, madhongi);
• masvosve emasango makuru matsvuku;
• amphibians (matatya, matatya, madzvinyu).

Nhasi masango amwaya zvikwekwe here?

Iyi tsika haisati yashandiswa kwenguva yakareba, saka unoda kuzvidzivirira kubva kune zvipembenene iwe pachako. Sezvinoratidzwa nemaitiro, kune zvikwekwe zvakawanda munzvimbo yesango kupfuura mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzingangove nengozi.

Kurwa mabasa

Nzvimbo dzePaki dzinoiswa mishonga yemishonga inouraya zvipembenene munguva yebasa rekusveta ropa. Uye zvakare, muridzi wega wega, kana achida, anogona kuita kugadzirwa kwakadaro kweimba yezhizha kana chirongwa chega. Iwe unogona kuita izvi zvose zvakasununguka nerubatsiro rwemishonga yakatengwa muchitoro, uye nekukoka mushandi weSES.

Matanho ekudzivirira

Mukuwedzera, zviri nani kusarudza zvipfeko mumavara akajeka - zviri nyore kuona zvipembenene pairi. Usaregeredza nzira dzakakosha dzekudzivirira kubva kune maparasite: dzinowanikwa mune yakanakira fomu uye dzinoshanda zvakanyanya.

Ndedzipi njodzi inokonzerwa nemhuka dzesango?

Pasinei nehukuru hwayo, utachiona hunoisa njodzi huru kumhuka nevanhu. Zvikwekwe zvemusango zvinotakura zvirwere zvinotapukira zvinenge makumi matanhatu.

Tick ​​utachiona mumhuka

Kwete vanhu chete, asiwo mhuka dzinovaraidza, kusanganisira katsi, imbwa nemabhiza, vanogona kutambura nehutachiona. Zvirwere zvakawanda zvinorapwa, asi kune ngozi yezvinetso uye, pane dzimwe nguva, rufu. Mhuka inogona kutambura kwete nekurumwa chete, asiwo kana ikamedza chipembenene netsaona.

Zvirwere zvinogona kutapukirwa nemhuka:

• piroplasmosis;
• borreliosis;
• bartonellosis;
• hepatozoonosis;
• erlichiosis.

Ndedzipi njodzi kuvanhu imhuka dzesango

Chirwere chinotyisa zvikuru kuvanhu chikwekwe-borne encephalitis. Mune imwe nzira isina kunaka, chirwere chacho chinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwakanyanya kwetsinga uye mupfungwa, pamwe nekukonzera rufu. Bloodsuckers anotakurawo zvimwe zvirwere:

• borreliosis (chirwere cheLyme);
• tularemia;
• babesiosis;
• maronda fever;
• relapsing fever.

Zvekuita mushure mekurumwa nechikwekwe

Kana chirwere chinowanikwa pamuviri, zvinokurudzirwa kuonana nesangano rezvokurapa: vanachiremba vachabvisa zvakachengeteka ropasucker uye kupa mazano pamusoro pekudzivirira zvirwere zvinotapukira.

Kuburitsa chikwekwe

Kana pasina nzvimbo yekurapa iri pedyo, chirwere chacho chinofanira kubviswa iwe pachako. Pane nzira dzakawanda dzekuita izvi:

Kwekutora chikiti chekuongorora

Mushure mekubvisa utachiona, hunofanirwa kuiswa mumudziyo une chivharo uye kutumirwa kunoongororwa kurabhoritari yakasarudzika kuitira kuona hutachiona. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti zvive zvipenyu, kana chipembenene chakafa, donje rakanyorova rinofanira kuiswa mumudziyo. Kana kuongororwa kwakaratidza hutachiona, murwere anopihwa anti-tick immunoglobulin. Zvakakosha kupinda mushonga mumaawa 72 ekutanga mushure mekurumwa.

Zviratidzo zvechirwere

Zviratidzo zvezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nekurumwa kwechikwekwe zvinogona kusiyana. Kazhinji havaitike pakarepo, chirwere chimwe nechimwe chine nguva yekudzivirira.

Chitupa chinotakurwa encephalitis

Inoonekwa sechirwere chevhairasi chakanyanya kutakurwa nezvikwekwe. Utachiona hunokanganisa grey yeuropi, hunokonzera kupisa kwakanyanya, izvo zvinotungamirira kukuvadzwa kusingagadzirisiki kune central nerve system. Chimiro chakakomba chechirwere chinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwepfungwa, kuoma mitezo uye kufa. Saka nekudaro, hapana kurapwa; kana paine hutachiona, symptomatic therapy inoitwa.

Zviratidzo zve encephalitis zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• chills, fever;
• kuda kurutsa, kurutsa;
• kukwira kwekushisa kusvika ku39 degrees;
• kurwadziwa kwemhasuru.

Kwenguva yakati, zviratidzo zvakanyorwa zvinogona kudzikira, asi zvozodzoka zvakare.

Relapsing fever

Chimwe chirwere chinouraya, kunobva utachiona hunotakurwa nezvikwekwe. Chirwere ichi chinoratidzwa nekuchinjanisa kudziya kwakajairika uye fivha, kutadza kuziva. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvekudzokazve fever:

• kurwadziwa mudumbu, kurutsa;
• kurwadziwa mumasumbu nemajoini;
• sudden fever;
• kuumbwa kwe cherry-ruvara papules;
• kuwedzera kwespleen uye chiropa;
• tachycardia.

Sezvo mutemo, zviratidzo zviri pamusoro zvinoonekwa mukati memazuva 3-6, mushure mezvo zvinopera, asi zvino dzoka zvakare. Ndicho chikonzero chirwere ichi chinonzi relapsing. Munguva yehurwere, kusvika ku5 maitiro akadaro anogona kupfuura. Nekurapa kwakakodzera, kupora kwakakwana kunogoneka.

Chirwere cheLyme

Zviratidzo zvehutachiona zvinowanzoitika mukati memazuva 2-3 mushure mekurumwa. Asi hutachiona hunogona kufungidzirwa kunyange kare. Sezvo mutemo, nzvimbo yakatsvuka inoumba panzvimbo yekurumwa, iyo inowedzera muhukuru nekufamba kwenguva uye inoshandura ruvara pakati. Utachiona hunokanganisa hurongwa hwekutya uye hwemwoyo, ganda, majoini. Zviratidzo zve borreliosis zvinosanganisira:

• kurwadziwa mumasumbu nemajoini;
• kuneta, musoro;
• kupindwa nechando.

Pamatanho ekutanga, chirwere chinorapwa zvinobudirira, asi kana kurapwa kusati kwatanga panguva yakakodzera, chirwere chinopinda muchikamu chakakomba uye kukuvadzwa kwehurongwa hwemitsipa hakuzogadzirisiki.

babesiosis

Chirwere chechirwere chinonyanya kuoma, zviratidzo zvinoonekwa mukati memavhiki maviri mushure mekurumwa. Apo chimiro chiri kushanda, kuparadzwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa kunoitika, izvo zvinotungamirira kuanemia, jaundice, uye gare gare kuwedzera kwechiropa, spleen uye acute renal kukundikana. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvechirwere:

• kurwadziwa kwemhasuru;
• chills, fever;
• kurasikirwa kwechido, kushaya simba zvachose.

Tularemia

Zviratidzo zve tularemia zvinoonekwa mushure memaawa maviri mushure mekurumwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwekushisa kusvika ku41 degrees;
• kuda kurutsa, kurutsa;
• lymph nodes yakakura;
• purulent seals panzvimbo yekurumwa.

Utachiona hunokanganisa mapapu uye mucous membranes, kosi inowanzova yakaoma. Kurapa kunokwanisika chete muchipatara.

fivha

Chirwere chacho chakawana zita rayo nekuda kwechiratidzo chaicho - kuonekwa kwemavara matsvuku kana epepuru anotanga kuonekwa pamakumbo, uye anopararira mumuviri wose. Mukuwedzera, chirwere chinokanganisa tsinga dzeropa uye chinokonzera kukanganisa kwetsvo. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvekiriniki zvefivha yakasvibiswa:

• kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwekushisa;
• kurwadziwa kwemajoini uye mhasuru;
• kurutsa uye kusvotwa.

zvirwere zvemhuka

Zvikwekwe zvinotakura zvirwere zvinouraya kumhuka. Izvo zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya zveizvi ndezvi:

Zvirwere zvese izvi zvine fungidziro yakaipa. Kurapa panguva yakakodzera chete kunogona kuponesa hupenyu hwemhuka.

Kudzivirira zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nezvikwekwe

Zvirwere zvese zvinotakurwa neropa zvinoratidzwa nekosi yakaoma uye zvine njodzi. Nokudaro, zviri nyore kwazvo kuita matanho ekudzivirira panguva yakakodzera, wozotarisana nemigumisiro yehutachiona.

Zvipembenene zvinodzinga zvipembenene

Kune gadziriro dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudzivirira kubva kune zvipembenene. Nheyo yechiito chavo inogona kunge yakasiyana: vamwe vanodzinga zvipembenene nekunhuwa (repellent), vamwe vanotanga vaoma mitezo vozovauraya vasati vawana nguva yekunamatira (insecticidal).

Kugadzirira kunowanikwa nenzira ye sprays, aerosols, concentrates, mafuta.

Ganda rakashama rinopfapfaidzwa nemishonga inodzinga, hembe dzetende nemimwe midziyo inobatwa nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene.

Zvinenge zvese zvigadzirwa zvine muchetura zvakanyanya, saka zvinofanirwa kushandiswa zvakanyatsoenderana nemirairo. Kuchengetedza vana, kune gadziriro dzakakosha.

Acaricidal agents

Mishonga yeAcaricidal inourayawo zvikwekwe - zvinopinda nemuchifukidzo chechitinous uye zvinokanganisa tsinga uye kufema masisitimu eparasite. Kusiyana nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene, iyo inoshandiswa kudzora marudzi ese ezvipembenene. chiito che acaricides chinotarisirwa kuparadzwa kwevamiririri ve arachnids, iyo inosanganisira zvikwekwe. Kugadzirira kweAcaricidal zvakare kune chepfu zvakanyanya, kana uchivashandisa, zvinodikanwa kutevedzera zvinokurudzirwa kuchengetedza matanho.

Kuzvidzivirira

Vaccination inzira yekudzivirira ine humbowo hunobudirira. Zvisinei, kune vaccine chete yetick-borne encephalitis. Mishonga nemishonga yeRussia inobvumirwa kuvana kubva pamakore matatu, kunewo mafananidzi ekunze anobvumirwa kuvana kubva kune 3 gore.