Chitupa chinotakurwa encephalitis

Chii chinonzi tick-borne viral encephalitis?

Chikwekwe-borne viral encephalitis chirwere chinotapukira chinotapukira chinoratidzwa zvakanyanya nekukuvadzwa kwepakati tsinga system. Migumisiro yaro inogona kubva pakugadzirisa zvakakwana kusvika kune zvinetso zvakakomba zvinogona kutungamirira kukuremara, rufu, kana kukanganiswa kwenguva refu kwetsinga kunyange mushure mokunge hutachiona hwekutanga hwakundwa.

Utachiona uhu ndehwemhuri yeflavivirus (Flaviviridae) uye ine marudzi matatu makuru (subtypes):

1. Kure Kumabvazuva.
2. Central Europe.
3. Zviviri-wave viral meningoencephalitis.

Chirwere ichi chinoratidzwa nenzira dzakawanda:

1. Feverish (inoda kusvika 35-45% yezviitiko).
2. Meningeal (inenge 35-45% yezviitiko).
3. Focal form, iyo inogona kusanganisira kusanganiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwezvipembenene zveuropi uye musana (inenge 1-10% yezviitiko).

Muna 1-3% yevaya vakapora kubva kuchirwere, chirwere chinova chisingaperi. Mushure mokupora kubva kuhutachiona hwekutanga, vamwe varwere vanonzwa kwenguva refu yeurological complications. Inenge 40% yevanopona vanosangana neresidual postencephalitis syndrome, iyo ine simba guru pahutano. Muvanhu vakwegura, chirwere chacho chinonyanya kuoma.

Nhamba yekufa kubva kune chikwekwe-borne viral encephalitis yeCentral European type inenge 0,7-2%, nepo nhamba yekufa kubva kuFar Eastern fomu yechirwere ichi inogona kusvika 25-30%.

Iwe unogona sei kutapukirwa nechikwekwe-borne viral encephalitis?

Utachiona hweencephalitis hunokonzerwa nezvikwekwe hunotapuriranwa kuvanhu zvikuru nekurumwa nezvikwekwe zveIxodes, zvakadai seIxodes persulcatus neIxodes ricinus. Utachiona hunogoneka zvakare kuburikidza nekusangana nemhuka dzakaita sembwa, katsi, pamwe nevanhu, zvinoti kuburikidza nembatya, zvirimwa, mapazi nezvimwe zvinhu. Hutachiona hunogonawo kupinda mumuviri kuburikidza nekukwesha nemuchina muganda, kuisa pressure pachikwekwe kana kukwenya panorumwa.

Utachiona hunogonekawo kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemukaka wakasvibirira kubva kumbudzi, umo hutachiona hunogona kunge huri mumukaka panguva yekushanda kwechikwekwe. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti pane mukana wekutapukirwa nemukaka wemhou.

Vanhu vese vanogara vari panjodzi yekurwara, zvisinei nezera uye murume kana mukadzi. Zvakadaro, vanhu vanoshanda musango vane njodzi huru yekutapukirwa, sevashandi vemasango, mapato ekuongorora geological, vanogadzira migwagwa nenjanji, mapaipi eoiri negasi, tambo dzemagetsi, pamwe nevashanyi nevavhimi. Vagari vemumaguta vari panjodzi yekutapukirwa nehutachiona mumasango emumadhorobha, mapaki emasango nemagadheni.

Zvikwekwe zvinodya mhuka dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira dzekurima (mombe, makwai, mbudzi, mabhiza, ngamera), zvipfuwo (imbwa, katsi) uye mhuka dzesango (makonzo, hares, hedgehogs uye mamwe) marudzi, ayo anogona kushanda sechigarire chenguva pfupi. utachiona.

Nguva yekushanda kwezvikwekwe izvi mumasikirwo inotanga muchirimo uye inopera kusvika Gumiguru, nenhamba yakawanda yezvikwekwe zvakaonekwa muhafu yekutanga yezhizha. Ivo vanonyanya kugara munzvimbo dzekare dzinorimwa, nyika dzemhandara, mabhandi emasango, uswa hwehuswa uye manyoro biotopes, senge nzvimbo dzemahombekombe dzemvura.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvikuru zvetick-borne encephalitis?

Iyo incubation nguva, kubva panguva yehutachiona kusvika kune yekutanga kuratidzwa kwekiriniki, kazhinji inenge mazuva 7-12, asi inogona kusiyana kubva pa1 kusvika ku30 mazuva. Dzimwe nguva panguva ino, zvinotangira chirwere zvinoonekwa, zvakadai se general malaise, kushaya simba mumasumbu emakumbo nemutsipa, kupera kweganda rechiso, musoro, kushaya hope uye kusvotwa.

Chirwere ichi chinotanga kamwe kamwe nekuwedzera kwekushisa kwemuviri kusvika 38-40 ° C, zviratidzo zvekudhakwa (kushaya simba kwakanyanya, kuneta, kuvhiringidzika kwehope) uye zviratidzo zvekutsamwa kwe membranes yeuropi (kusvotwa, kurutsa, musoro wakakomba, kusakwanisa kudzvinyirira. chirebvu pachipfuva). Lethargy, vagueness yekuziva, kutsvuka kwechiso, mutsipa nepamusoro hafu yemuviri zvinoonekwa. Murwere anogona kunzwa kurwadziwa mumasumbu emuviri wese, kunyanya apo kukanganiswa kwekufamba kuchazoonekwa, uye panogonawo kuve nechiveve munzvimbo dzeganda kana kukambaira kunzwa, kupisa uye kumwe kusingafadzi manzwiro.

Sezvo chirwere ichi chichikura, zviratidzo zvikuru zvinoonekwa zvinotarisa chimiro chayo. Kazhinji kacho, encephalitis inotakura tick inozviratidza mune zvinotevera zvakasiyana-siyana zvekiriniki:

1. Feverish fomu, inoperekedzwa nehuwandu hwekudhakwa, asi pasina kukuvadza kune hurongwa hwemagetsi. Mhedzisiro yacho inowanzokurumidza kupora.
2. Chimiro chine kukanganisa kune membranes yeuropi, iyo inoratidzwa nemusoro wakaoma, dzungu, kushungurudza uye kurutsa, kwete pasi pekurapa, pamwe ne photophobia uye lethargy. Kupisa kwemuviri kunoramba kwakakwira uye fivha inotora mazuva 7-14. Kufanotaura kunowanzova kwakanaka.
3. Chimiro chine kukuvadza kune membrane uye zvinhu zveuropi, zvichiperekedzwa nekukanganiswa kwekufamba mumakumbo, kuoma mitezo, pamwe nekukanganiswa kwekuona, kunzwa, kutaura uye kumedza. Dzimwe nguva pfari dzinoitika. Kupora kunononoka, uye kusagadzikana kwekufamba kwehupenyu hwese kunowanzosara.
4. Chimiro chine kukanganisa kumutsipa wepelinha, inoratidzwa nekukanganiswa kwekufamba mumitsipa yemutsipa nemakumbo.
5. Chimiro chine kukanganisa kumidzi yetsinga uye fiber, inoperekedzwa nekuvhiringidzika mukunzwa uye kufamba mumakumbo.

Tick-borne encephalitis ine maviri-wave course yefivha inosiyaniswa zvakasiyana. Kukwira kwekutanga kwekushisa kunopfuura nyore nyore nezviratidzo zvekudhakwa uye kutsamwa kwemeninges, uye yechipiri (mushure mekuzorora kwemavhiki maviri) nekukura kwakakwana kwemufananidzo wekiriniki nezviratidzo zvekukuvara kwenheyo system. Kufungidzira, zvisinei, kunowanzova kwakanaka, kunyange zvazvo kuchinja kune chirwere chisingaperi chinogoneka. Chikwekwe-borne encephalitis muvana inowanzoitika nenzira yefivha kana nezviratidzo zvekukuvadza kune membranes yeuropi. Kusadzivirirwa kuhutachiona mushure mekubatwa nekwekwe encephalitis kunowanzogara kwehupenyu hwose.

Nzira yekuzvidzivirira sei kubva kune chikwekwe-borne viral encephalitis?

Iyo sisitimu yematanho ekudzivirira inosanganisira matanho ekudzivirira kurwiswa kwekwekwe uye yakakosha kudzivirira chirwere. Kunyanya kukoshesa kunobhadharwa kukudzivirira kwega, iyo inosanganisira kunyatsoteerera kune zviyero zviri nyore uye zvinowanikwa. Aya matanho akashandiswa kakawanda uye akaratidza kushanda kwawo. Imwe yedzakareruka uye yakavimbika nzira dzekuzvidzivirira ndeyekupfeka kwakaringana kwezvipfeko zvakajairika, kuchishandura kuita chipfeko chekudzivirira. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kusungirira collar nemacuffs, kupfekedza shati mutirauzi, uye tirauzi mubhutsu.

Non-specific prophylaxis

Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti ixodid zvikwekwe zvinogona kutakura zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kukonzera zvirwere muvanhu.

Chikwekwe-borne borreliosis (chirwere cheLyme), chinokonzerwa ne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, chakapararira muRussian Federation. Iyo nzvimbo yekugovera yehutachiona iyi yakakura kupfuura iyo yeTick-borne encephalitis, parizvino inofukidza makumi manomwe neshanu enhengo dzeRussian Federation, kusanganisira dunhu reMoscow neMoscow. Parizvino hapana mishonga chaiyo yekudzivirira borreliosis.

Tichifunga nezvengozi inogona kuitika, zvakakosha kutora matanho ekuzvidzivirira, kusarudza zvipfeko zvakanaka uye kushandisa mimwe michina yekudzivirira, senge repellents, acaricides nezvimwe.

General Precautions

Kana iwe uri munzvimbo ine njodzi, zvakakosha kuti zvipfeko zvidzivise kupinda kwezvikwekwe uye panguva imwechete zvinogonesa kuonekwa kwavo:

- Iyo collar yehembe inofanirwa kunyatsoenderana nemuviri, zviri nani kushandisa jekete ine hood.
- Iyo shati inofanira kupfekedzwa mutirauzi uye iine maoko marefu, uye macuffs emaoko anofanira kunyatsoenderana nemuviri.
— Mabhurugwa anofanirwa kuiswa mubhutsu kana bhutsu, uye masokisi anofanirwa kunge aine elastic.
— Zvinokurudzirwa kuti ufukidze musoro wako nemutsipa nesikavha kana kepisi.
— Zvipfeko zvinofanira kuva chiedza, yunifomu ruvara.
- Nekufamba musango, mahovhorosi emhando dzakasiyana akanyatsokodzera.
-Kugara uchiongorora iwe pachako uye nekutarisa kunodiwa kuti uone zvikwekwe zvakanamirwa. Mushure mekufamba musango, zvakakosha kubvisa zvipfeko zvako, kuzunungusa uye kuongorora muviri wako.

Hazvikurudzirwe kuunza zvirimwa zvichangobva kunhongwa, zvipfeko zvekunze uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kunge zvine zvikwekwe mukamuri. Imbwa nedzimwe mhuka dzinovaraidza dzinofanirawo kuongororwa. Kana zvichiita, dzivisa kugara kana kurara pauswa. Paunosarudza nzvimbo yekudzika musasa kana kupedza usiku musango, zviri nani kusarudza nzvimbo dzisina uswa hunomera kana kusarudza masango akaoma emipaini pane ivhu rejecha.

Zvinodzinga

Kuti udzivirire kubva kune zvikwekwe, zvinodzivirira zvinoshandiswa, izvo zvinonzi zvidziviriro, izvo zvinoshandiswa kurapa nzvimbo dzakafumurwa dzeganda.

Kusarudzwa kwemushonga wakakodzera kunogadziriswa, kutanga kune zvose, nekuumbwa kwayo uye nyore kushandisa.

Zvinoenderana nekurudziro dzepasirese, iyo yakanyanya kufarirwa inopiwa kune zvinodzinga zvine diethyltoluamide (DEET) muhuwandu hwe30-50%. Zvigadzirwa zvine zvinopfuura 50% DEET hazvidiwi. Zvidzoreso zvine 20% DEET zvinoshanda kwemaawa matatu, uye zviya zvine 3% kana kupfuura zvinoshanda kusvika maawa matanhatu. DEET-based repellents yakachengeteka kune vakadzi vane pamuviri uye vanoyamwisa, pamwe chete nevana vanopfuura mwedzi miviri yemakore. Usati washandisa, unofanira kunyatsoverenga mirayiridzo.

Paunenge uchishandisa repellents, mitemo yakawanda inofanira kuteverwa:

— Mushonga wekudzinga unoiswa paganda rakashama.
- Izvo zvinodiwa kushandisa huwandu hwakakwana hwemushonga (yakawandisa huwandu haiwedzeri inodzivirira maitiro).
— Usazore mushonga unodzinga pazvicherwa, maronda kana ganda rinenge rave kusvotwa.
— Kana wadzoka, zvinokurudzirwa kugeza mushonga unodzinga paganda rako nesipo nemvura.
— Paunenge uchishandisa aerosol, usapfapfaize munzvimbo dzakavharirwa kana kuifemesa.
- Iyo aerosol haifanirwe kupfapfaidzwa kumeso: inofanira kupfapfaidzwa pamaoko uye zvinyoronyoro zvinyoro pamusoro pechiso, kudzivirira ziso nemuromo nzvimbo.
- Paunenge uchishandisa mishonga yekudzivirira pavana, munhu mukuru anofanira kutanga ashandisa mushonga mumaoko avo uye ozonyatsogovera kumwana; Dzivisa nzvimbo dzeziso nemuromo wemwana uye kuderedza huwandu hunoshandiswa kumativi enzeve.
- Haufanire kuisa repellent pamaoko emwana wako, sezvo vana vanowanzovaisa mumuromo mavo.
- Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vanhu vakuru vashandise mushonga wekudzivirira kumwana ari pasi pemakore gumi ivo pachavo, pane kupa nzira iyi kumwana pachake.
— Zvinodzinga zvipembenene ngazvichengetedzwe pasingasvikirwi nevana.

Acaricides

Mishonga yeAcaricides zvinhu zvine mutezo wezvikwekwe. Mishonga iyi inoshandiswa kurapa zvipfeko. Parizvino, zvigadzirwa zvine alphamethrin uye permetrin zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya.

Disinsection inoitwa mune zvakasikwa foci, pamwe nekunze kwavo, uchishandisa gadziriro yezvipembenene. Izvi zvinoshanda kunzvimbo dzinofura mhuka dzepapurazi, pamwe nenzvimbo dzakatenderedza nzvimbo dzekutandarira. Zvikwekwe zvakaunganidzwa zvinoparadzwa nekudirwa parafini kana nekupiswa.

Specific prophylaxis

Sezvekugadziridzwa kwangu kwekupedzisira, kune akati wandei ekudzivirira aripo anoshanda kurwisa mhando dzakasiyana dzehutachiona encephalitis. Mimwe yeiyi inosanganisira majekiseni ekurwisa encephalitis inotakura zvikwekwe, encephalitis yekuJapan nemamwe. Mishonga yekudzivirira encephalitis inobatwa nekwekwe, yakadai seEncepur neTicoVac, yakawanikwa ichishanda uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muRussia neEurope. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve majekiseni anoshanda zvakanyanya pari zvino, zviri nani kubvunza tsvakiridzo yezvekurapa uye kurudziro kubva kumasangano ezvehutano emuno.

Chii chandinofanira kuita kana ndarumwa nechikwekwe?

Kana warumwa nechikwekwe, unofanira kuchibvisa pakarepo. Kuti ubvise chikwekwe, shandisa tweezers kana yakakosha yekubvisa zvikwekwe. Pakubvisa, edza kusadzvanya muviri wechikwekwe kudzivirira kutapurira utachiona hunogona kuitika. Mushure mekubvisa, shandisa nzvimbo yakarumwa neine antiseptic. Ngwarira zviratidzo zvezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nezvikwekwe, zvakadai sefivha, mapundu, kutemwa nemusoro, kupera simba kwetsandanyama, nezvimwe. Kana zviratidzo zvekufungira zvikaonekwa, bvunza chiremba.

Zvinokurudzirwa kubvisa zvikwekwe iwe pachako

Iwe unofanirwa kushandisa ma tweezers kana gauze-akaputirwa zvigunwe kuti ubate chikwekwe padyo nepamuromo waro sezvinobvira. Paunenge uchibvisa, uchitenderedza parasite kutenderedza axis yayo, zvinodikanwa kuti uibate perpendicular pamusoro pekuruma uye kuita mwenje mafambiro. Kana musoro wekiti uchibva, unofanira kubviswa netsono isina utachiona kana kusara kusvikira wabviswa zvakasikwa. Zvakakosha kudzivisa kudzvinya muviri wechikwekwe kuti zvisaite kuti zvirimo zvipinde muronda. Mushure mekubvisa chikwekwe, zvinokurudzirwa kubata nzvimbo yekuruma ne tincture yeiodine kana doro. Iwe haufaniri kushandisa mazino ako kubvisa chikwekwe kuti udzivise hutachiona hunogona kuitika kuburikidza nemuromo. Iva nechokwadi chekugeza maoko ako zvakakwana nesipo mushure mekubvisa chikwekwe kudzivirira hutachiona hunogona kupinda kuburikidza ne microcracks muganda.

Kuongororwa kwetick-borne encephalitis

Kuti uongorore encephalitis inotakura chikwekwe, zvinodikanwa kusimbisa chokwadi chekusveta kwechikwekwe uye kumisa kuguma kwenzvimbo kune encephalitis inotakura zvikwekwe. Chiremba anonyatsoongorora murwere, kusanganisira kuongorora kwakakwana kwetsinga, kuitira kuti asabvisa zvimwe zvirwere zvinotapukira uye zvisingatapukirwe zvinosangana nezviratidzo zvakafanana.

Kuongororwa murabhoritari yetick-borne encephalitis kunosanganisira kutara titer yeIgM neIgG masoja ekudzivirira chirwere kuhutachiona hweencephalitis hunotakurwa nekwekwe nekufamba kwenguva.

Ndeupi chiremba wandinofanira kubata kana ndichifungidzira encephalitis ine chikwekwe?

Kana iwe uchifungidzira encephalitis ine chikwekwe, unofanirwa kubata chiremba wetsinga kana chirwere chinotapukira kuti ubvunze uye nekumwe kurapwa.

Kurapa, matambudziko uye kudzivirira kwechikwekwe-borne encephalitis

Kurapa kwematambudziko anokonzerwa nekikwe-borne encephalitis inowanzoitwa tichifunga nezvezviratidzo uye kuoma kwehutano hwemurwere. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mavhairasi, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, uye mishonga yekuderedza kuzvimba uye kubvisa zviratidzo. Maitiro ekudzoreredza uye tsigiro yekuchengetedza inogona kushandiswa zvakare kudzoreredza basa remuviri.

Kudzivirirwa kwechikwekwe encephalitis kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwezvinodzinga, zvipfeko zvinodzivirira, acaricides, uye majekiseni. Vaccination inonzi inoshanda mukudzivirira chirwere ichi muvanhu vanogara kana kuenda kunzvimbo dzine chirwere ichi. Mukuwedzera, zvakakosha kuti udzivise kusangana nemakiti, kunyatsoongorora muviri wako mushure mekufamba musango, uye kutevera matanho ekudzivirira anotsanangurwa mune mazano ekudzivirira kurumwa kwechikwekwe.