Chikwekwe chinotaridzika sei: mapikicha ezvikwekwe zvine ngozi zvinotakura zvirwere zvinouraya

Iye munyori wechinyorwa

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8 min. yekuverenga

Hakuna munhu akadaro asina kusangana nezvikwekwe. Mumwe munhu akawana zvipembenene izvi mumafuro, vamwe vaibata mhuka dzinovaraidza demodicosis, uye mumwe munhu akatove nescabies pachake. Zvose izvi zvinokonzerwa nezvipembenene zvinonzi mite. Ko chikwekwe chinotaridzika sei, mufananidzo uye tsananguro yemhando huru, inogona kuchengetedza vanhu nemhuka.

Zviri mukati

Tsanangudzo yechikwekwe
Mhando dzezvikwekwe
Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro pezvikwekwe

Tsanangudzo yechikwekwe

Chikwekwe iArthropod, iyo ndeye arachnids. Kune zvinopfuura 54 zviuru zvemarudzi avo, saka kutaridzika uye maitiro evamiririri vakasiyana zvakasiyana. Asi chimiro uye maitiro anenge akafanana.

Mufananidzo wetiki ine nzara uye yakadyiswa.

Chimiro chechikwekwe

Arthropods yakakamurwa kuva marudzi maviri, zvichienderana nechimiro. Vanogona kuva nemuviri:

yakasanganiswa musoro nechipfuva, mhando dzinonzi dehwe;
ine chinongedzo chinofambiswa chemusoro kumuviri, asi negoko rakakora. Vanonzi vakapakata zvombo.

Zvipembenene zvinogona kubva 0,08 mm kusvika 4 mm muhukuru. Hapana wevamiririri ane mapapiro uye haagoni kusvetuka.

Kuona, kubata uye kudya

Zvikwekwe hazvina mitezo yekuona sezvizvi, hazvina maziso. Asi nekuda kwenhengo dzavo dzekunzwa, vavhimi vakanaka. Iyo yemuromo midziyo ine chelicerae uye pedipalps. Yokutanga inoshumira kukuya zvokudya, uye yechipiri - kunetseka.

Yakava mhuka yechikwekwe?

Hongu, zvakaitika Aiwa, rombo rakanaka

Rudzi rwekudya

Zvikwekwe zvinogona kuva zvemhando mbiri zvichienderana nekudya kwavanoda: saprophages uye zvikara.

Chinhu chekirasi iyi ndiyo yakanyanya kuchinjika kumamiriro ezvakatipoteredza mavanogara.

Saprophages inodya pamvura yemiti, masara ehupenyu, mafuta, zvidimbu zveguruva, ganda remunhu akafa.

Zvikara zvinoda ropa, zvinogona kubata vanhu nemhuka. Kushivirira nzara zviri nyore uye uve nehuwandu hwekupona.

Kubereka uye kutenderera kwehupenyu

Pakati pezvikwekwe, panenge pasina vanhu vanogona kuzvarwa vari vapenyu. Vazhinji vavo vanopinda nepakati pehupenyu hwakazara.

Tick yekuvandudza kutenderera

Izvo zviri nyore kuteedzera kutenderera kwehupenyu pamuenzaniso weanodya marudzi emakiti.

Kuti mukadzi akandira mazai, anofanira kunge akaguta zvakakwana. Kuti aite izvi, anodya ropa kwemazuva 8-10. Munhu mumwe chete anokwanisa kukandira mazai anosvika zviuru zviviri nemazana mashanu. Nguva yekuonekwa kwezvipembenene kubva mazai yakasiyana kune imwe neimwe mhando.

Makonye madiki, semhodzi yepoppy, ane makumbo matatu, uye akafanana neakura arthropods. Ivo vakashinga, vanogona kugara pasi pemvura kwenguva yakareba kana mumamiriro asina kufanira.

Nzira yekushandura gonye kuita nymph inoitika mushure mekunge chikara chazara kwemazuva mashanu-5. Nyifi ine makumbo mana emakumbo uye yakakura. Pamatanho aya, zvikwekwe zvinokonzeresa kukuvadza kwakafanana nekwavakuru.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka, munguva yechando kana nekushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, nymph inogona kuva mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana kwenguva yakareba, isati yashanduka kuva munhu mukuru. Upenyu hunosiyana zvichienderana nemhando dzezvikwekwe, mararamiro uye kudya kwakakwana.

Mhando dzezvikwekwe

Mhando dzakawanda dzezvikwekwe hadzisati dzadzidzwa zvachose. Iwo akagoverwa kwese kwese uye munzvimbo dzese dzebiosphere. Haasi ose ari tupukanana, asi kune vamiririri vane ngozi.

ixodid ticks

Ixodid zvikwekwe zvikara uye zvipembenene, zvine njodzi kuvanhu nezvipfuwo. Muzvisikwa, kune vanopfuura 650 vamiririri vemarudzi aya, ayo ari kwose kwose. Zvinosimbiswa kuti kunyangwe muAntarctica mune zvikwekwe zveixodid zvinoparadza penguin. Mitumbi yemhando iyi yemakiti ine kupatsanurwa kwakajeka mudumbu uye cephalothorax, ganda rakaoma rakafukidzwa nechitinous layer. Chimiro chemitezo yavo yemuromo inopindirana nemhando yezvokudya: iyo proboscis inoumbwa nepamusoro uye nechepasi shaya dzinocheka ganda. Matende anobatsira kuwana munhu anenge abatwa, inhengo yekubata. Ukuru hwezvipembenene hunogona kubva pa2,5 mm kusvika ku4 mm, zvisinei, kana yakazara neropa, dumbu revanhu ava rinowedzera ne2,5 nguva. Vamiririri ava vatakuri vezvirwere zvakawanda zvine ngozi kuvanhu nemhuka.

Argas mite

Argas mite zvakare inotyisidzira kumhuka dzinovaraidza, pamwe nemombe nevanhu. Vanoruma zvinorwadza, nhengo zhinji dzerudzi urwu dzine muchetura mate anokonzera kukwenya kunotyisa uye kurwadziwa, kupinda muropa kana kurumwa. Maparasite ane hupenyu hurefu, kunyange aine nzara anogona kuvapo kwemakore 8-10. Vamiririri vanogona kunge vari miniature 3 millimeters kana kunyatsoyevedza - masendimita 3. Kazhinji ivo vane yero, grey kana brownish, kana yakazara, miviri inova yakasviba kana shava. Mamiriro ezvinhu emhando iyi ndeyebonde dimorphism - murume anooneka mudiki pane mukadzi, pamwe kanoverengeka. Pamusoro pekugara pamwe chete nevanhu, ivo vanofarira zvikuru matendere eshiri dzavo, ivowo vakajairika mukutsemuka uye muzvivakwa nekuda kwezvinangwa zvakasiyana. Vanoda mapako akasiyana-siyana uye mitswe yematombo.

Shell mite

Shell mite haina njodzi kuvanhu uye mhuka dzinovaraidza. Vazhinji vavo vanogara pamusoro pevhu, asi vamwewo vanogara mumiti. Mhuka dzehondo dzinodya pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvigadzirwa zvehupenyu, kudya zvakaora, lichens kana fungi. Dzinovhimwa neshiri dzakasiyana-siyana, dzinova vavengi vavo venyama. Arachnids inogona kuva vatakuri ve helminths, kunyange tapeworms, saka vanogona kunge vari kutyisidzira kune shiri dzakafanana. Maererano nezita racho, vane ganda rakasimba rakasimba, iro, kana rakazara, zvakare, semamwe marudzi, rinonyatsoputika.

Gamazov mite

Gamasid mite imhando yakapfuma kwazvo, kune marudzi anopfuura 6000 0,2. Zvichienderana ne subspecies, saizi inogona kubva 2,5 kusvika XNUMX mm. Miviri yavo yakaita oval, yakasviba zvishoma kana chena. Pakati pevamiririri vanogona kunge vari omnivorous vanodya uye vaparasitic vanhu. Zvizhinji zvezvose zvinoisa tyisidziro kumhuka. Dzinogona kupararisa mumatendere, mugomba, mumikoko, muvhu uye munzvimbo dzezvipfuyo. Pakati pegamasid arachnids, kunewo njodzi kune vanhu vanoruma zvinorwadza uye vanotakura zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.

subcutaneous chikwekwe

Vamiriri ve subcutaneous mites vanogara vari shamwari dzemunhu, mune diki diki vanogara paganda uye vanobatsira kune yakajairika basa rekuvanzika. Kana kuvapo kwe subcutaneous mites yakakura kudarika tsika, vanoshingaira kuwedzera, vachigara pasi peganda revanhu uye vanounza nhamba yakawanda yezvinetso: itching, kutsamwa uye kusagadzikana. Dambudziko rinowanzoonekwa nemunhu ndero demodicosis, acne uye allergic reactions. Rudzi urwu rweparasite runowanda nekukurumidza. Kunyange zvazvo vakadzi vachirarama kwemazuva anenge 90, imwe neimwe yadzo panguva ino inogona kukandira mazai anenge zana, ayo mite inogoneka ichaonekwa mumazuva mashoma.

Scabies mite

Imhando ye arachnid inokonzera scabies. Vanogona parasitize zvose mhuka uye vanhu. Mukuita kwehupenyu, vanoita micro-holes muganda revanhu nemhuka, nzira dzavo, iyo inotsvedza uye inopisa. Mishonga inoratidzika kubva mazai emucheka inodya ropa, nekuda kwekutsvaira kwakanyanya, hutachiona hunowanzoiswa mumaronda. Microspoky arachnids kunze kwemuviri wemunhu haina kuchinjirwa kuhupenyu.

Nzeve mite

Tumite tudiki twunongogara mumakatsi nembwa mumauricles. Vanowedzera nokukurumidza uye muhuwandu hunovhara auricles mukati, zvichikurudzira kusanganiswa kwakasimba, kusvika kumaronda uye kuzvimba. Kuvanhu, rudzi urwu haruna ngozi.

huruva mite

Vanodaidzwawo kuti rineni kana mubhedha nekuda kwezvavanoda munzvimbo dzekugara. Vanodya pane zvakasara zveganda revanhu, guruva, minhenga. Nzvimbo dzavanofarira ifenicha yakasimudzwa, zvekurara, mamatiresi, mapiro, matoyi akapfava uye mibhedha yemhuka dzinovaraidza. Kurumwa kwezvikwekwe zvidiki izvi hazvitaridzike, asi zvinokuvadza zvimwe zvakawanda. Muhupenyu, vanobudisa tsvina iyo munhu anofema. Muviri unobata kune zvidimbu izvi seakanyanya kusimba.

spider mite

Nhengo dzemhuri iyi zvipembenene zvezvirimwa. Pakati pavo pane vanodya miriwo chete vanodya muto wakapfava. Vanotungamira mukuderera kwemamiriro echirimwa uye kunyange kufa kwakakwana. Ivo havashore chero zvikamu zvezvirimwa, zvese mubindu, mubindu uye pamaruva emukati. Kurwisana nemhando iyi yezvipembenene ibasa rakaoma, kunyanya kana rakapararira.

mite yemvura

Pakati pemhuri iyi pane vagari vemvura yakachena uye ine munyu. Iwo maparasite evagari vemumvura, zvikara. Vanogara mumakumbo evagari vegungwa kana pamutumbi wezvipembenene. Vanobaya vakabatwa, vanopinza chakavanzika chinovashandura kuva chikafu. Boka iri rine vamiriri vanopfuura 5000. Iwo madiki muhukuru, akarebesa zvishoma kana akareba, ane makumbo eshure akareba akafukidzwa nebristles uye anobatsira kushambira.

zvikwekwe zvemudura

Rudzi urwu rwechikwekwe harukuvadzi vanhu zvakananga, asi rinoparadza chikafu. Zviyo zvinotapukirwa netwupukanana hazvimere zvakanaka, zviyo zvezviyo, hupfu nezvimwe zvakawanda zvinogadzirwa zvinobva zvavharika, kuumbwa nekuora. Kana chikafu chinotapukirwa nechikwekwe chikapinda mumuviri wemunhu, ipapo kushushikana, allergies, uye kunyange chepfu inotanga. Aya marudzi madiki, anosvika 0,5 mm muhukuru, machena-brown, anenge akajeka, asi ane shaya dzakasimba.

mafuro mite

Uyu mumiriri akajairika weiyo Ixodes order. Inoparadzirwa muSiberia, Asia neEurope, musango-steppe uye musango. Dzinokuvadza mhuka uye dzinobata vanhu zvakare. Kuruma kwavo kunokuvadza uye kune ngozi, vanogona kuva mutakuri we encephalitis kana denda. Hungry mite inoratidza hutsinye, ruma ganda 4-5 nguva isati yatanga kunamatira. Ropa rinodyiswa zvakanaka rinogona kusvika pahukuru hwe 15 mm.

Brown imbwa zvikwekwe

Ava vamiririri vane ngozi kune imbwa chete, havadyi ropa revanhu kana zvishoma. Anogara kumahombekombe uye musango-steppe. Arachnids inogona kugara isina chikafu kwenguva yakareba, kuvanza mumikaha, madziro uye pasi pematombo. Vapedza kudya ropa remunhu wavo, vanongodonha kusvika panguva inotevera.

Zvikwekwe zvinokohwa

Kurongeka kudiki kwediki arachnids ine makumbo marefu uye oval body. Ava vamiririri vanogara musango pasi uye pasi pematombo, vanogara munyika dzinopisa. Pakati pevamiririri vakawana zvikara uye spores yefungi, lichens.

steppe chikwekwe

Kuparadzirwa kwese uko kune zvirimwa. Muchitsiko, kunyange pauswa hwakaderera, pauswa uye patsangadzi, mumiriri uyu we arachnids anorarama. Anotambura nenhamba yakawanda yezvirwere paanenge achiruma, haarambi mhuka dzepamba, zvipfuwo, asi anoda vanhu.

Taiga chikwekwe

Mumwe mumiririri weIxodes. Inofarira masango emiti, maererano nezita, mumakwenzi nehuswa hurefu. Kukura kwevakadzi vakuru ndeye 3,8 mm, uye kana vachidyiswa neropa - 13 mm. Inotakura zvirwere zvakawanda zvinogona kuva nengozi kuvanhu nemhuka.

Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro pezvikwekwe

Haasi mite yese inokuvadza uye yakaipa. Asi pane zvinhu zvishoma zvingakushamisa iwe.

Vamwe vanhu vanogona kurarama kwemakore matatu vasina kudya.
Zvikwekwe zvine parthenogenesis, vanoisa mazai asina kubereka, asi vana vanoonekwa kubva kwavari.
Chikwekwe chine chirwere che encephalitis chinokandira mazai ane utachiona.
Vanhurume havanyanyi kudya, vanodya zvishoma. Madzimai anonamatira kwemazuva mashoma.
Aya ma arachnids ndechimwe chezvisikwa zvinoshingirira. Mamwe acho anogona kuva muvacuum uye kunyange kumira danda re electron maikorosikopu.

MitikitiIxodes persulcatus kubva pakurongeka kweixodid ticks: chii chinonzi parasite chine ngozi uye zvirwere zvipi zvinotakura

Zvadaro

MitikitiDust Mites