Stag beetle: mufananidzo wemhembwe uye maitiro ayo ebhete hombe
Nyika yezvipembenene yakasiyana zvikuru uye vamiririri vayo vanonyanya kushamisa ndezvipembenene. Vamwe vavo vanokwanisa kusanganiswa zvachose nemhoteredzo, asi vamwe vakapendwa nemavara akajeka zvekuti zvakaoma kusazviona. Asi, mumwe wevamiririri veboka reColeoptera, akakwanisa kumira kunze kweboka re "motley". Zvipembenene izvi zvakaoma zvikuru kuvhiringidza chero munhu, uye vanhu vakazvipa zita - nondo.
Zviri mukati
Ko bete remhembwe rakaita sei
Gondo ndiani
zita: nondo
Ratini: Lucanus cervusKirasi: Zvipembenene - chipembenene
Chikwata: Coleoptera - Coleoptera
Mhuri: Matanho - Lucanidae
 | Nzvimbo dzekugara: | zvakapararira |
 | Nengozi kune: | hazvikuvadzi |
 | Nzira dzekuparadza: | inoda kuchengetedzwa |
Nondo: chimiro chebete.
Mhungu dzemhara dzinodaidzwa kuti stag beetles kubva kumhuri yezvipembenene kana kuti stag beetle. Chimiro chezvipembenene izvi hypertrophied mandibles muvarume, izvo kunze zvakanyanya kufanana nemhembwe. Panguva imwecheteyo, mumadzimai, chikamu ichi chemuviri hachina kunyanya kukura.
Vamiririri vakuru vemhuri yemhembwe vanogona kusvika 9-11,5 cm kureba, vachifunga nezve "nyanga". Zvichienderana nemhando yemhando, ruvara rwemuviri wemhembwe nyuchi dzinowana anotevera mimvuri:
- nhema;
- tsvuku;
- bhurawuni;
- orenji;
- goridhe;
- girinhi.
Antennae dzemhembwe dzakatetepa, dzakareba, dzine shamhu yakaita muzinga kumagumo. Pamativi emusoro pane maziso maviri akaoma kunzwisisa, uye pakati pane maziso matatu akapfava. Mitezo yemhembwe yakati rebei uye yakatetepa. Iyo tibiae yeanterior pair ine mavara eorenji akajeka akaumbwa nevhudzi mapfupi mazhinji, nepo tibiae yemashure maviri ane mazino ehunhu.
Development cycle of stag beetles
Hupenyu hwemhembwe.
Isati yaberekwa gondo guru, rine nzira refu kwazvo yekufamba, iyo inogona kutora kubva pamakore mana kusvika ku4. Imomo, hupenyu hwayo hunotarisirwa padanho reimago kazhinji mavhiki 2-3 chete.
Kuti kusvirana kunobudirira, mhembwe dzinoda maawa akati wandei, asi izvi zvisati zvaitika, hono haisati yakwikwidza hadzi. Kunetsana pakati pevakwikwidzi kunoitika nerubatsiro rwemandibles makuru uye chinangwa chayo hachisi kuuraya, asi kungokungurutsa muvengi kumusana kwake.
Mazai
Mazai emhembwe.
Mushure mekunge akunda atemwa uye kusangana kwakabudirira kwaitika, hadzi inokandira mazai gumi nemaviri. Kuti ape magonye emangwana nechigadziko chekudya, anoshongedza kamuri rakaparadzana rezai rimwe nerimwe muhuni dziri kuora. Kazhinji, mukadzi anoita izvi mukati mehunde dzakaora, zvigutsa kana makomba.
Mazai ezvipembenene zvemhuri iyi akakura chaizvo, akacheneruka, akaita seoval. Dhayamita yavo inogona kusvika 2-3 mm. Zvinoenderana neakasiyana magwaro, kubuda kwegonye rakaumbwa kubva muzai kunoitika mukati memavhiki matatu-3.
Larva
Muviri wegonye wakapendwa chena, uye musoro unosiyaniswa nekusiyana kwebrown-orenji kana yero-tsvuku. Mashaya emhunga akagadzirwa zvakanaka kwazvo, ayo anoitendera kuti igone kubata nekunaka kwayo kwainoda - huni hwakaora.
Gonye remhembwe.
Mitezo yegonye zvakare yakasimukira, uye ine chimiro chakafanana nehurefu. Kune mazino pazvidya zvepakati pemakumbo emakumbo, uye kunyanya kuburitsa pane trochanters yemashure maviri. Pamwe chete, zvikamu zvemuviri zvegonye zvinoumba nhengo ye stridulation inovabvumira kuita ruzha rwakasiyana. Nekubatsirwa kwemanzwi aya, mapere anogona kutaurirana.
Zvokudya zvezvipembenene zvenguva yemberi zvinongosanganisira huni huri kuora, pane mold yakatoonekwa. Matavi ane utano uye hunde dzemiti hazvimbobatiki nezvipembenene izvi. Kazhinji makonye emhezi anogona kuwanikwa mukati memidzi iri kuora kana hunde miti yakadai:
- oak;
- beche;
- elm;
- birch;
- willow;
- hazel;
- dota;
- poplar;
- Linden.
Padanho remakonye, chipembenene chinopedza paavhareji makore anenge 5-6, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze. Semuenzaniso, kukura kunogona kukanganiswa zvakanyanya nechando chakanyanya kana kusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu. Mbeu isati yatanga, kureba kwemuviri wayo kunogona kusvika 10-13,5 cm, uye dhayamita yaro inogona kunge inenge 2 cm.
Panguva imwecheteyo, uremu hwehuremu hwakadaro hunogona kunge hunosvika 20-30 gramu.
Doll
Bete bete pupa.
Iyo pupation process inotanga pakati pematsutso. Kuti uite izvi, mhute inoronga mberi kwayo pachayo kamuri yakakosha - kiredhi. Kugadzira "cradle", chipembenene chinoshandisa huni chips, ivhu uye tsvina yayo.
Imba yakadaro inowanikwa muzvikamu zvepamusoro zvevhu pakadzika kwemasendimita gumi nemashanu kusvika ku 15. Kureba kwe stag pupa kunogona kusvika masendimita 40-4. Munhu mukuru anowanzobuda kubva mukoko kunenge kwekupedzisira kwechirimo - kutanga kwezhizha.
Hugaro hwemhembwe
Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemhuri yemhembwe dzakapararira pasi rose. Zvipembenene izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa mumakondinendi ese kunze kweAntarctica. Panharaunda yeRussia, anenge makumi maviri emarudzi emhembwe anorarama, uye inonyanya kuzivikanwa pakati pawo ihombwe. Zvipembenene zverudzi urwu zvinowanzogara mumasango ane miti uye mumapaki. Unogona kusangana navo munzvimbo dzinotevera:
- Voronezh;
- Belgorod;
- Kaluga;
- Lipetsk;
- Orlovskaya;
- Ryazan;
- Kursk;
- Voronezh;
- Penza;
- Samara;
- Tula;
- Moscow;
- Krasnodar region;
- Republic of Bashkortostan.
Mararamiro emhembwe uye kukosha kwavo mune zvakasikwa
Nguva yekushanda kwemhembwe inoenderana zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunze kwadzinogara. Munzvimbo dzinotonhorera, dzekuchamhembe, kutiza kwezvipembenene izvi kunotanga gare gare uye zvipembenene zvinonyanya kuwanikwa manheru. Asi mhembwe dzinogara pedyo nekumaodzanyemba dzinomuka kare mushure mekurara kwechando uye dzinoshanda chete masikati.
Zvipembenene zvechikadzi nerume zvinogona kubhururuka, asi hono dzinobhururuka kakawanda.
Kuti "nyanga" dzavo dzine simba dzisavhiringidza kuenzana, panguva yekubhururuka, zvipembenene zvinobata miviri yavo inenge yakamira.
Nekuda kwekuremerwa kwemuviri, zvakare zvakanyanya kuomera kuti zvipembenene zvibve kubva panzvimbo yakachinjika, saka vanowanzoita izvi nekusvetuka kubva pamiti kana mumakwenzi. Ndege dzinofamba nzendo refu hadzina kunyanya kuoma, asi kana zvichidikanwa, dzinogona kuvhara madaro anosvika 3000 m.
Bete rinobva pabazi.
Chikafu chikuru chezvipembenene zvezvipembenene izvi matanda, ayo atotanga kuora. Nekuda kwekudya uku, zvipembenene zvinoonekwa seimwe yezvinonyanya kurongeka musango. Vanogadzira zvisaririra zvezvirimwa uye vanomhanyisa maitiro ekuora kwavo. Izvi zvinobatsira kupfumisa ivhu nezvinhu zvinobatsira uye kutsvaga zvinhu.
Kana vari vanhu vakuru, menyu yavo ine muto wemuti, saka kazhinji inowanikwa pamatavi akakuvadzwa emiti kana shrub. Kana zvipembenene kana zvipembenene zvemhembwe hazvikuvadzi miti ine utano. Zvakare, kusiyana nemajuru, nondo hadzimbobata huni hwehunyanzvi.
Mashandisiro anoita nyanga dzemhembwe
Nyanga mbiri.
Chinangwa chikuru chemandibles akakura kudaro kurwisa vakwikwidzi vemukadzi kana sosi yechikafu. Hono hono dzinogara dzichiitirana hasha uye dzichiona muvengi angangove pedyo, dzinobva dzamhanyira kunorwisa.
Munguva ye duel, varume vanowanzoedza kubata muvengi wavo nerubatsiro rwemandibles uye kumukanda kubva pamuti. Mukurwira mukadzi, chinangwa chikuru ndechekutendeudzira muvengi kumusana wake.
Conservation status of stag beetles
Stag beetles chikamu chakakosha cheecosystem uye chinounza mabhenefiti makuru kune zvakasikwa. Parizvino, nhamba yevamiririri vemhuri iyi inoramba ichiderera nekuda kwekucheka kwemiti inorwara uye inoora, uyewo nekuda kwekutorwa kwezvipembenene nevateresi.
Stags dzakatonyangarika munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope uye dzakanyorwa muRed Books eRussia, Ukraine, Belarus neKazakhstan.
mhedziso
Nekuda kwekuparadzwa kwemasango, marudzi mazhinji ezvipenyu ave pedyo nekutsakatika, uye huwandu hwemamwe mabete kubva kumhuri yemhembwe hwakaderedzwawo zvakanyanya. Naizvozvo, kana wasangana neasingawanzo mugari wemusango, haufanirwe kumukanganisa, nekuti vanhu vakatomukonzera matambudziko mazhinji.
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