Chii chinodyiwa nebete: shiri ine hasha yemvura
Paunotaura zvipembenene, zvingave zvipembenene zvakanaka zvinodya nekita yemaruva kana Colorado mbatata zvipembenene zvinodya mashizha pamakwenzi embatatisi zvinouya mupfungwa. Nekudaro, kusiyana kweiyo Coleoptera kurongeka kwakakura zvekuti zvisikwa zvakawanda zvakasiyana uye zvinoshamisa zvinogona kuwanikwa pakati pavo. Imwe yeiyi ndeyevashahwi - nyuchi dzinodya dzinogara pasi pemvura.
Zviri mukati
Vanoshambira vakaita sei: mufananidzo
Ndivanaani vanotuhwina zvipembenene
zita: Vanoshambira
Ratini: DytisidaeKirasi: Zvipembenene - chipembenene
Chikwata: Coleoptera - Coleoptera
 | Nzvimbo dzekugara: | mvura yakamira, manyoro |
 | Nengozi kune: | diki crustaceans, fry |
 | Nzira dzekuparadza: | mhuri dzakawanda dzinoda dziviriro |
Vanoshambira imhuri huru Zhukovdzinogara mumvura dzakasiyana-siyana. Kune vanopfuura 4000 vamiririri vakasiyana vemhuri iyi munyika, uye anenge 300 marudzi evashahwi akawanikwa munharaunda yeRussia.
Chitarisiko uye chimiro chevanoshambira
| chimiro chemuviri | Vanoshambira vakanyatsoenderana nehupenyu pasi pemvura. Muviri wavo une chimiro chakati sandara, chakakwenenzverwa uye panenge pasina mafiibhi kana bristles pamusoro payo, izvo zvinonyanya kuwedzera kumhanya kwekufamba kwavo mukoramu yemvura. |
| Urefu uye ruvara | Kureba kwemuviri wevanhu vakuru vanoshambira mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana kunogona kubva pa1 kusvika ku50 mm. Muviri weruvara unogara wakafanana uye unogona kusiyana kubva kune tsvuku-tsvuku kusvika kune dema. Mune mamwe marudzi, mavara akajeka uye mitsetse inogona kunge iripo muvara, pamwe chete nebronze sheen yemuviri wepamusoro. |
| Maziso nendebvu | Maziso evanoshambira ari kumacheto emusoro. Mune dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri, mitezo yekuona haina kunyatsokura kana kuderedzwa. Iyo antennae yechipembenene ine filiform chimiro, ine zvikamu gumi nembiri uye iri pamusoro pemeso. |
| oral equipment | Sezvo vanoshambira vari zvikara, miromo yavo yakanyatsogadzirirwa kudya chikafu chemhuka. Mandibles ebhete haana kukura pakureba, asi ane simba uye akasimba zvakakwana, izvo zvinovabvumira kuti vagone kurarama nefry, tadpoles uye vamwe vagari vadiki vemadziva. |
| Matumba | Makumbo maviri epamberi nepakati emushahwi ane mapfupi uye haana kunyanya kugadzirirwa kushambira. Kumashure kwemakumbo ekushambira ndiwo ane basa rekufamba pasi pemvura. Iyo femurs uye tibiae yemakumbo aya akareba uye akati sandara. Vanewo mutsara webvudzi unobatsira tumbuyu kukwasva pasi pemvura. |
| Wings | Pasinei nemararamiro ari pasi pemvura, vazhinji vanoshambira vane mapapiro akakura zvakanaka, uye vanotoashandisa pakubhururuka. Kugona uku kunobatsira zvipembenene kufamba pakati pemvura yakasiyana-siyana. Chete mune nhamba shoma yemarudzi, mapapiro anobhururuka anoderedzwa. |
Kusiyana pakati pevarume nevakadzi
Vatuhwi vaviri.
Mumarudzi ose evashambi, dimorphism yepabonde inonyatsoratidzwa. Musiyano mukuru pakati pevarume nevakadzi kuvepo kweanoyamwa akakosha pamakumbo epamberi evarume. Vanoyamwa vanogona kusiyanisa zvakanyanya muchimiro uye hukuru, asi chinangwa chenhengo iyi chinogara chakafanana - kubata mukadzi panguva yekusangana. Mune mamwe marudzi evashahwi, panogona kunge paine mimwe misiyano pakati pevanhurume nevanhukadzi vakasiyana:
- kuvapo kwechigadzirwa che stridulatory muvarume;
- zvakasiyana-siyana zveanal sternum;
- coarser microsculpture pane pronotum uye elytra yevakadzi;
- kuvapo kwesheen inopenya pamuviri wemurume;
- ruvara rwakasiyana rwe elytra muvarume nevakadzi.
Mararamiro evashahwi
Paanenge ese matanho ekukura, vanoshambira vanogara pasi pemvura, kunze kwepupa. Izvi zvipembenene zvinonzwa zvakakura mumvura dzakasiyana-siyana uye zvakadzidza kwete kungorarama mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, asiwo kushingaira kuvhima vagari vasina simba ve "umambo hwepasi pemvura".
Vanoshambira havazivi nzira yekugamuchira okisijeni kubva mumvura, asi vanogona kutakura matura madiki pasi pe elytra yavo.
Iyo spiracles yevanoshambira iri padivi rekumusoro kwedumbu, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti vatore mhepo vasingayangarara zvachose kumusoro. Kutora kufema uye kuzadza zvinhu, zvakakwana kuti munhu anoshambira aise kuguma kwekupedzisira kwedumbu kubva mumvura kwenguva pfupi.
Vakuru nemapere evashahwi zvikara uye vanozvikudza vane chishuwo chakanaka. Kudya kwavo kunosanganisira vagari vashoma vemitumbi yemvura:
- mukonikoni mhute;
- tsikidzi;
- crustaceans;
- worms;
- shellfish;
- tadpoles;
- matatya;
- hove caviar.
Vanoshambira pachavo vanogonawo kuve chisvusvuro chemumwe munhu. Pakati pemhuka dzinodya zvipembenene izvi dzinosanganisira:
- fish;
- waterfowl;
- zvipuka zviduku.
Vanoshambira vane hasha.
Diving pekugara
Vamiririri vemhuri yekushambira vanowanikwa pasi rose, uye zvinopfuura 100 zvipenyu zvinogara muAustralia. Zvipembenene zvinogona kurarama mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemvura, dzakadai se:
- rivers;
- lakes;
- zvitubu;
- rates;
- hova;
- dziva dzekugadzira;
- machakwi;
- migero yekudiridza;
- matsime madziva.
Vanoshambira vanosarudza mitumbi yemvura inomira kana kuti inoyerera zvishoma nezvishoma, asi mamwe marudzi anonzwa achifara kunyange munzizi dzinokurumidza, dzomumakomo.
Kukosha kwevanoshambira mune zvakasikwa
Nhengo dzemhuri yekushambira dzinogona kubatsira uye dzinokuvadza. Semuenzaniso, kudya kwemamwe marudzi makuru kunosanganisira hove duku uye fry. Muchiitiko chekuwedzera kukuru kwenhamba yezvipembenene zvinodya, huwandu hwehove dzakawanda hunogona kutyisidzirwa.
Kana zviri zvemabhenefiti, kune akati wandei marudzi evashahwi anodya zvakanyanya mapere ezvipembenene zvine mapapiro maviri zvinokuvadza. Mukuwedzera, marudzi mazhinji akabatanidzwa mukudya kwezvipembenene izvi zvinotakura utachiona hunotyisa - marariya.
https://youtu.be/LQw_so-V0HM
mhedziso
Vanoshambira imhuri yakasarudzika yezvipembenene yakakwanisa kukunda kwete chete nzvimbo yemhepo, asiwo pasi pemvura. Mune mamwe madhamu madiki, zvipembenene izvi zvakatokwanisa kutora niche yezvikara zvepamusoro. Izvi zvakare zvinoratidza kuti zvisikwa zvinokwanisa zvakawanda.
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