Horsflies: mufananidzo uye chimiro chezvipembenene zvakakura zvinosveta ropa
Zhizha rinonhuwira mabheri matsva, pakati pehusiku uye mabvi akatsvuka. Nemwaranzi yekutanga yezuva, zvisikwa zvese zvipenyu zvinomuka. Uye kana vamwe vachibatsira, vamwe vari kungotsamwisa neruzha rwavo uye kupinza, pane izvo zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya zvimwe. Dzakadaro nhunzi.
Zviri mukati
Horsflies: mufananidzo
Tsanangudzo yezvipembenene
zita: Bofu
Ratini:TabanidaeKirasi: Zvipembenene - chipembenene
Chikwata: Diptera - Diptera
 | Nzvimbo dzekugara: | kwose kwose |
 | Nengozi kune: | zvipfuwo, vanhu |
 | Nzira dzekuparadza: | misungo, makemikari |
Horsflies imhuri huru yeDiptera tupembenene. Dzinowanikwa kwose kwose uye dzakasungirirwa kumamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro ekunze. Vanowanikwa kwese kwese kunze kweAntarctica, Iceland uye zvitsuwa zveHawaii.
Avo vaigara mumusha uye vaichengeta mhuri vanoziva zvikuru nhunzi huru idzi. Horsflies vanogara nemhou nemabhiza. Madzimai anodya paropa reungulates kuwedzera kune nekita.
Horseflies inotakura huwandu hwehutachiona, mabhakitiriya, helminths uye protozoa izvo zvinokonzeresa zvirwere kuvanhu nezvipfuyo.
Kutenderera kwehupenyu
Chipembenene chinopinda mumatanho akawanda ehupenyu. Aya ndiwo mazai, mhute, pupa uye vanhu vakuru.
Saizi yavo inogona kusiyana kubva 1,3 mm kusvika 3 mm. Ruvara rwavo runoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu avanokura nawo. Iwo erima ari kunyanya kumatunhu ekuchamhembe kuti atore chiedza. Zvichienderana nerudzi, vanogona kunge vari mune imwe kana kupfuura, muchimiro chepiramidi, fan kana kudonha.
Chimiro chinogona kuva fusiform kana pear-shaped. Vanogona kuva vachena, vakasviba, vatsvuku kana vakasvibira. Kureba kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemhando, kubva pa1 kusvika ku5 cm.
Idzo dzakashava, dzine makumbo, maziso, uye mapapiro emapapiro. Kureba kunosiyana zvichienderana ne9 kusvika ku35 mm. Dzinogona kukura mumvura kana muvhu. Vanodya zvakawanda, kunyange kungoita nyama yevanhu.
mukuru, imago
Imago nekukurumidza zvikuru kurarama hupenyu hwavo. Varume vanorarama mazuva asingasviki 7, uye mukutapwa vanogona kugara kusvika kumavhiki matatu. Madzimai anorarama zvishoma, asi kwete kupfuura mwedzi.
| Musoro | Mhando dzakawanda dzine maziso makuru, asi kune ayo akaderedzwa. Kune antenna uye mudziyo unoboora muromo. |
| Chest | Dhipatimendi rakakamurwa kuita 3 zvikamu. Zamu nemadhiramu maviri, akafukidzwa nemvere. |
| Wings | Yakagadzirwa zvakanaka, peya imwe. |
| Misoro | Matatu emakumbo emakumbo, pamusana pezviputi zvakasimba. |
| Dumbu | Yakapamhama, yakati sandara zvishoma. Pakupera kweiyo copulatory apparatus. |
Mararamiro evakuru
Sezvineiwo, chipembenene chinokurumidza kupfuura mamwe marudzi enhunzi. Kumhanya kwayo i145 km/h.
Nzira yekubvisa sei horsefly
Mukufamba kwehupenyu hwavo, nhunzi dzinokonzera kukuvadza kwakawanda kuhupfumi. Kurwisa kwavo kukuru pazvipfuyo kunoderedza kusadzivirirwa uye simba. Zvakaonekwa kuti mombe nembudzi zvakatoderedza kubudiswa kwemukaka. Vanotakura zvirwere zvine ngozi:
- poriyo;
- tularemia;
- anthrax;
- trypanosomiasis.
Kuruma kuvanhu kune ngozi - kunokonzera kuzvimba uye kuzvimba.
Mechanical nzira
Idzi inzira dzekubatsira kubata nhunzi, dzakafa kana dziri mhenyu. Zvakanakisisa munyaya iyi inzira dzakadaro.
Makemikari
horsefly.
Mukurima, nekuwanda kwekuunganidza kwemhuka dzinokuvadza, makemikari anoshandiswa. Kune mapoka makuru matatu avo:
- Phosphorus organic. Zvinhu zvinopinda zvokonzera kuremara mitezo. Dichlorvos, Umafos, Karbofos zviri nyore uye zvinoshanda.
- pyrethroids. Bata mishonga yezvipembenene inoshanda pamatanho ese ekukura nekukura. Aya ndiwo Sumitrin, Fenvalerate, Bioalletrin.
- Kugadzirira neklorini. Bactericidal uye oxidizing musanganiswa unoshandiswa kuuraya utachiona. Uyu ndiLindane, Methoxychlor.
Kudzivirira kuchengetedzwa
Kushandiswa kwekemikari chero ipi zvayo kunoreva kusangana navo zvakananga. Kuti uchengetedzeke, tevera matanho ari nyore aya:
- Shanda nemagirovhosi.
- Usadya uye usaputa mukuita.
- Ita nhanho dzekudzivirira (machakwi emvura uye madhamu).
mhedziso
Nhunzi huru dzinogona kukuvadza kurima uye kukonzera kusagadzikana kuvanhu. Vanotakura zvirwere uye vanoruma zvinorwadza. Kana zvipembenene zvinobhururuka zvichionekwa, unofanirwa kukurumidza kutanga kurwa.
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