Bombardier Beetles: Talented Artillerymen
Bombardier tsikidzi dzinozivikanwa nekugona kwavo artillery - vanopfura vachidzoka kubva kuvavengi, kwete kutiza kubva kwavari. Unhu uhwu hunovabatsira kuzvidzivirira pavavengi. Masayendisiti ave nenguva achidzidza nzira isina kujairika yekupfura zvipembenene.
Zviri mukati
Ko mucherechedzi webete anotaridzika sei: mufananidzo
Tsanangudzo yebete
zita: Bombardier
Ratini: BrachinusKirasi: Zvipembenene - chipembenene
Chikwata: Coleoptera - Coleoptera
Mhuri: Zvipembenene zvepasi - Carabidae
 | Nzvimbo dzekugara: | minda, mapani nemakomo |
 | Nengozi kune: | zvipembenene zviduku |
 | Nzira dzekuparadza: | zvakachengeteka, usakuvadza vanhu |
Bombardier haisi imwe nyuchi, asi nhengo dzemhuri yevhu. Havasi vanhu vese vakadzidziswa, iyo Paussin subfamily haizivikanwe nevanhu uye inyaya yekufarira.
Kukura kwebete kunosiyana kubva pa5 kusvika ku15 mm. Muviri une chimiro cheovha chakareba. Ruvara rwakasviba. Pane simbi inopenya. Muviri wacho wakapendwa tsvuku-tsvuku.
Bete mukwikwidzi mukurwisa.
Kunoperera musoro kune mandibles akaita sejeko avanobatirira nawo vachibvarura mhuka yavo. Meso ehukuru hwepakati akagadzirirwa mararamiro akashata. Kune supraorbital setae pameso. Whiskers uye paws zvakasviba zvitsvuku. Kumhanya mhando nhengo.
Elytra inogona kuve yebhuruu, yegirini kana dema ine longitudinal shallow grooves. Zvipembenene zvinoshandisa makumbo nemaoko kupfuura mapapiro. Varume nevakadzi vakafanana kune mumwe nemumwe. Nhengo dzevarume dzakashongedzerwa nezvikamu zvekuwedzera.
Habitat uye kugovera
Rudzi rwechipembenene chinonyanyo zivikanwa ibhete rinotsemuka. Habitat - Europe uye Asia. Vanoda nzvimbo dzakaoma dzakatsetseka uye ivhu rakanyorova zvine mwero.
Panharaunda yeRussian Federation, anowanikwa kwose kwose, kubva munharaunda yeSiberia kusvika kuLake Baikal. Asi kune vanhu vari mumakomo, kwete munzvimbo dzakati sandara chete.
Kutenderera kwehupenyu
Bombardier dzinoshanda chete usiku. Masikati vanohwanda mumatanga. Vadiki chete ndivo vanobhururuka, izvo zvinoda kugona ndima. Munguva yechando, ivo vanoenda mu diapause, apo ese metabolic maitiro anononoka uye anenge akamira.
The same diapause inogonawo kuitika mu scorer bete muchirimo chinopisa panguva yekusanaya kwemvura.
Pashure pevhiki, gonye rinoita segonye. The pupation stage inotora mazuva gumi. Kutenderera kwese kwekusimudzira mazuva makumi maviri nemana. Zvipembenene zvinogara munzvimbo dzinotonhorera zvinokwanisa kupa zvisingapfuure mwana mumwe mukati megore. Vatambi munzvimbo dzinopisa dzemamiriro ekunze vanobereka mwana wechipiri mumatsutso. Hupenyu hwevakadzi hunodarika gore, uye varume - anenge makore matatu.
Scorer bete kudya
Zvipembenene zvipembenene zvinodya nyama. Mboro inopararisa uye inodya pupae dzezvimwe zvipembenene. Vakuru vanounganidza marara ezvokudya. Vanokwanisa kuparadza hama duku.
Kudzivirira bhete kubva kuvavengi
Nzira yekudzivirira ndeyepakutanga. Apo vavengi vanoswedera, chipembenene chacho chinopfapfaidza musanganiswa unokonzera, unopisa, unonhuwa zvakashata wegasi nemvura.
Dumbu remudumbu rakashongedzerwa nematehwe maviri - paired yekupfura mudziyo. Makemikari ari mumatumbu. Gland imwe neimwe ine zvikamu zviviri. Imwe yemakamuri inoshanda senzvimbo yekuchengetedza hydroquinones uye hydrogen peroxide, uye yechipiri sekamuri yekupindura ine catalases uye peroxidases.
Kana vavengi vaonekwa, hydroquinone nehydrogen peroxide zvinosvinwa mugomba rechipiri. Hydrogen peroxide inoburitsa okisijeni. Kumanikidzwa muimba inokwira, uye kutonhora kunosvika 100 degrees. Bete rinokwanisa kupfura kubva kune chero chinzvimbo.
Madonhwe emusanganiswa anogona kuva maduku uye makuru. Chipembenene chinokwanisa kugadzirisa izvi. Madonhwe makuru akagadzirirwa marefu mafupi, uye madonhwe maduku akagadzirirwa marefu marefu.
Nhamba yepamusoro yepfuti inosvika makumi maviri. Mapfuti matsva anogoneka mushure mekuzorora kwemaminetsi makumi matatu. Mapfuti anopisa uye ane chepfu anouraya kana kudzinga zvikara.
Iyo makemikari haisi ngozi kune bombardier beetle, sezvo kuputika kusingaiti mumuviri. Uye ichi ndicho chimwe chidzidzo chekudzidza. Zvinogoneka sei kuita uye kuyerwa kwemusanganiswa, kuti kuputika kunoitika nenzira yekuti bete pacharo risakuvadzwa.
Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro scorer zvipembenene
Zvimwe pamusoro pezvipembenene:
- firing mechanism uye kemikari reaction ndiyo hwaro hwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira michina. Masayendisiti anotangazve injini dzejeti nenzira yakafanana;
- nekuita kusingatarisirwi, datya rinogona kumedza muridzi wezvibodzwa. Kupfurwa kunoitika mukati medatya. Anobva asvipa bete mhenyu.
mhedziso
Scorer beetles zvisikwa zvakasarudzika. Havakuvadzi vanhu. Nokudya zvipembenene, zvinobatsira muminda nemapindu. Uye nzira yavo yepakutanga yekudzivirira kubva kune zvipembenene ndiyo nyaya yekudzidza uye kufarira kwemasayendisiti.
Previous