Mapete anozvara sei: hupenyu hwezvipembenene
Vanhu vanosangana nemapete kazhinji uye vazhinji vanozviziva vega kuti vanotaridzika sei. Kana mumiririri mumwe chete wemhuri iyi akawanikwa muimba, zvino mushure memwedzi mishomanana nhamba yezvipembenene inogona kukura makumi kana kunyange mazana. Kukurumidza kukura kwechiverengero chavanhu kwakadaro kunowanzoitika kumapete, nokuti dzimwe mhuka dzakawanda dzinogona kuchiva simba radzo nokubereka kwadzo.
Zviri mukati
Mwaka wekusvirana kwemapete
Sezvaunoziva, muzvipembenene zvakawanda, nguva yekubatana inotanga nekuuya kwechirimo uye inopera kusvika pakati pematsutso. Izvi zvakanangana nemamiriro ekunze uye nemwaka chiitiko chemarudzi akasiyana. Asi, nekuda kwekuti mapete akagara pedyo nemunhu, vakarega kuvimba nekuchinja kwemwaka.
Zvipembenene izvi zviri kushanda gore rose uye nguva yadzo yekubatana, zvichiteerana, inogona kupedza mazuva ese 365.
Kusangana kunoitika sei?
Kusvirana mapete.
Mapete, sezvimwe zvipembenene, anoberekana pabonde. Kusangana kwekutanga kunoitika pakarepo mushure mekunge mukadzi asvika pakukura pabonde. Achinzwa akagadzirira, anotanga kugadzira mapheromones anokosha anokwezva varume, uye ipapo pfungwa dzepanyama dzinotanga kushanda.
Varume vemamwe marudzi emapete vanosvika panhau yekutamba mitambo zvine hungwaru. Vanogona kuchengeta mukadzi wavanoda kwenguva yakati vasati vasangana, uye "vafambisi" vanoti "mukadzi" mumwechete dzimwe nguva vanotorwisana pachavo.
Chii chinoitika mushure mekusangana
Chikwata chepete.
Mushure mekuita kwekubatana kwevaviri vepete kwapera, mumwe nemumwe wavo anoenda kune bhizinesi rake. Varume vanoenda kunotsvaga "mukadzi" mutsva uye chikafu, uye vakadzi vakabereka vanokandira mazai uye vanotarisira vana vanotevera. Kusangana kamwe chete kunokwana kuti mukadzi akwanise kuburitsa mazai akawanda, pasina kubatanidzwazve kwevarume.
Muupenyu hwayo hwose, mapete echikadzi anogona kubva pa4 kusvika ku10 ovipositions. Mune mhando dzakasiyana, nhamba yemazai mune imwe oviposition inogona kusiyana kubva pa10 kusvika ku60 zvidimbu. Pakupedzisira, muupenyu hwake hwose, "mai vemapete" vanogona kupa nyika kusvika kumazana matanhatu ezvipembenene zvitsva.
Madzimai emamwe marudzi akatokwanisa kujairana nekusavapo kwevarume uye vakadzidza kubereka mazai pasina kukwira.
Development cycle yemapete
Hupenyu hwepete.
Shanduko yemapete kubva kumazai kuita vanhu vakuru inoratidzwa nekusakwana kwekukura kutenderera uye inosanganisira anotevera matanho:
- evha;
- nymph;
- imago.
Ivha
Mazai emupete wechikadzi anodzivirirwa kubva munjodzi. Chokutanga pane zvose, mushure mokusangana, dzinoiswa mukati mekamuri inokosha, iyo inonzi ootheca. Zvidziviriro zvakadaro zvine madziro akaonda zvakakwana uye anodzivirira mazai kwete kubva mukukuvara kwemagetsi, asiwo kubva mukushanduka kwekushisa.
Ootheca uye maruva.
Nzira yekukura kwemazai kusvika magonye abuda inogona kutora kubva kumavhiki akati wandei kusvika kumwedzi yakati wandei. Izvo zvinoenderana kwete chete nemhando yezvipembenene, asiwo pamamiriro ezvakatipoteredza. Mukupisa, embryos inokura nekukurumidza, asi kana iyo ootheca iri mukamuri umo tembiricha yemhepo iri pasi pe +15 degrees, ipapo maitiro ekukura kwavo anogona kunonoka.
Hadzi dzemamwe marudzi dzinotakura mazai adzo pamuviri wadzo kusvikira makonye abuda maari. Somuenzaniso, muPrussia, ootheca inonamirwa nechepasi pedumbu remukadzi uye inoramba iripo kusvikira mapete maduku achechenya. Panguva imwecheteyo, mune mamwe mapete, "mabhegi" emazai anoparadzaniswa kubva mumuviri waamai uye anochengetwa munzvimbo yakavanzika.
Nymph
Makonye achangozvarwa anozvarwa akada kujairana nehupenyu hwakazvimirira.
Matanho ekukura kwemapete.
Sezvo pasina pupal nhanho mukukura kwemapete, zvipembenene zvidiki zvinobva zvangobuda kubva mazai, ayo akasiyana nevakuru chete muhukuru uye kusimba kwemavara. Mumavhiki ekutanga mushure mekuberekwa kwezvipembenene, vakadzi vemamwe marudzi vanovatarisira uye vanobatsira mukutsvaga zvokudya.
Mumarudzi akawanda, nymphs dzichangozvarwa dzine mavara machena kana akajeka. Mukugadzirisa, vanowedzera muhukuru uye molt kakawanda. Nguva yekushandurwa kwegonye kuita mapete akura zvakanyanya zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze. Pamhepo tembiricha pamusoro +20 madhigirii Celsius, nhanho iyi inogona kugara kubva 3 kusvika 6 mavhiki. Mukamuri inotonhorera, nymphs inokura kakawanda kwenguva refu.
Imago
Nzira yose kubva pazai kusvika kune chipembenene chikuru, mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana, inogona kutora avhareji yemwedzi mitatu kusvika ku3. Sezvo chimiro chemiviri yezvipembenene uye vanhu vakuru vemapete hachina kusiyana, musiyano wavo mukuru ndeyekuyaruka. Kana nyufu dzichinge dzakura uye dzakagadzirira kukwira hadzi nevarume, dzinogona kunzi vanhu vakuru zvakachengeteka. Hupenyu hunotarisirwa padanho revakuru hunogona kubva kumwedzi yakati wandei kusvika kumakore akati wandei, zvichienderana nekusiyana uye mamiriro ekurarama.
Mapete echikadzi anodzivirira sei vana vawo
Mapete echikadzi vabereki vane mutoro zvikuru. Vanodzivirira vana vavo mukati mechikamu chekukura kwezai uye mune dzimwe nguva vanotobatsira vana vadiki. Ootheca umo mazai anochengetwa ikoko rakasimba pacharo, asi mapete echikadzi achiri kuedza kuona kuti mazai akachengeteka sezvinobvira. Vanozviita nenzira mbiri:
- viga ootheca munzvimbo ine rima, yakachengetedzwa;
- vanoitakura kusvika pakuzvarwa kwenyati.
Genera of the Madagascar cockroach.
Pano zvakakosha kucherechedza mapete ekuMadagascar. Vanogona kuzvirumbidza pamusoro pezita rezvipembenene zve viviparous. Mumahofori aya enyika yemapete, ootheca inovigwa mukati medumbu uye inogaramo kusvika pakuberekwa kwegonye. Makonye anochochonya kubva mumazai mukati memuviri waamai chaimo obuda mauri obuda panze. Chigadziko cheganda chezai chinotevera zvipembenene zviduku uye chinoshanda sechikafu chavo chekutanga munyika yevanhu vakuru.
Dzimwe mhuka dzinotakura ootheca shure kwadzo dzakadzidza kuipfura kana paine njodzi. Izvi zvinoitika kana chipembenene chacho chavharwa uye hupenyu hwacho hunotyisidzirwa nekufa kuri pedyo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, nzira yekudzivirira yakakosha mumukadzi inokonzeresa, iyo kamwe kamwe "inobvisa" ootheca kubva mumuviri waamai, nekudaro ichiponesa hupenyu hweiyo oviposition yese.
Unogona kufarira gungwa reSargasso riripi.
Ndeapi mamiriro anonyanya kufarirwa pakukura kwemapete
Kunyangwe mapete achionekwa sechimwe chezvipembenene zvakatsiga, muchokwadi iwo anovimba zvakanyanya nemamiriro akatenderedza.
Kunyanya kuderera uye kwakanyanya kupisa kwemhepo kunogona kukanganisa kukura kwechizvarwa chechidiki. Iyo yakanyanya kunaka tembiricha yemhepo yemapete ndeye +25 - +35 madhigirii Celsius, kwavanokura uye kukura nekukurumidza.
Kudzikisa tembiricha kusvika +15 degrees kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa pamapete. Vanhu vakuru vanopera simba uye vanotomira kuberekana, uku kukandira mazai nemakonye zvichinonoka kana kutomira mukukura. Kana iri tembiricha yakaipa, mucherechedzo we -5 madhigirii unogona kukanganisa mapete akura, asi haakuvadze mazai mukati meootheca. Kune yekupedzisira, njodzi inongova kudonha kwekushisa kusvika -15 degrees Celsius.
Humidity inoitawo basa rakakosha mukukura kwemapete. Zvipembenene izvi zvinonyanya kutsamira patsime remvura uye chikonzero chikuru chekuonekwa kwavo mudzimba kazhinji kazhinji hazvisi zvimedu uye chikafu chinosara pamatafura, asi kuvepo kwechitubu chemvura chinogara chiripo.
Kana mhepo iri muimba yacho yakaoma zvikuru uye pasina mvura yakazaruka pedyo, saka nokukurumidza muviri wezvipembenene ucharasikirwa nehunyoro hunodiwa uye unorega kushanda zvakanaka. Tembiricha yakakwira kwazvo yemumba inogona kuburitsa mwando uye kuita kuti mhepo iome, zvinova njodzi kumapete.
mhedziso
Pakutanga kuona, mapete anoita sezvisikwa zvinosarudza izvo zvinokwanisa kurarama uye kubereka munharaunda chero ipi zvayo. Kutaura zvazviri, ichi hachisi chokwadi zvachose. Zvipembenene zvemustachioed, hongu, zvinozvirumbidza kugona kwakanaka kwekuwedzera huwandu hwavo, asi, pakubereka, zvinoda mamiriro ekunze akanaka uye sosi yezviwanikwa zvinodiwa.
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