Mabumblebees anodyei uye mapepereta ane ruzha anorarama sei
Mumwaka unodziya, pamwe chete nenyuchi, bumblebees dzinotorawo mukume wezvirimwa. Ivo vakakura zvakanyanya kupfuura hama dzavo, uye vanosiyana navo muchimiro chemuviri. Asi kutaridzika kwavo kukuru uye kunotyisa hakufanirwe kutyisa - nyuchi dzinoita zvakanaka kupfuura kukuvadza.
Zviri mukati
Ko bumblebee inotaridzika sei: mufananidzo
Tsanangudzo yezvipembenene
zita: bumblebees
Ratini: BhombaKirasi: Zvipembenene - chipembenene
Chikwata: Hymenoptera - Hymenoptera
Mhuri: Nyuchi chaidzo - Apidae
 | Nzvimbo dzekugara: | bindu nebindu remuriwo, mafuro, maruva |
 | Zviratidzo: | zvipembenene zvevanhu, mapollinator akanaka |
 | Batsirwa kana kukuvara: | inobatsira pamirivo, asi inoruma vanhu |
Iyo bumblebee yakawana zita rayo kubva mukufefetedza kana kurira kwainoita ichibhururuka. Ichi chipembenene chinoshamwaridzana chinoumba koroni itsva gore negore.
Shades
Blue bumblebee.
Zvipembenene zvemhando iyi zvine mavara akasiyana-siyana emuviri, anosanganisira dema kana rima uye yakajeka yero, tsvuku, grey kana orenji mitsetse. Vamwe vamiririri vane shava, bhuruu.
Rudzi rwe bumblebees rinoenderana nechiyero pakati pecamouflage uye thermoregulation. Rudzi rumwe norumwe rwezvipembenene rune ruvara rwarwo rwemuviri, rwavanogona kusiyaniswa narwo. Madzimai akati kurei pane varume. Kureba kwemuviri wemukadzi kunobva pa13 kusvika ku28 mm, murume kubva pa7 kusvika ku24 mm.
Chimiro uye zviyero
Musoro wevakadzi wakarebesa, ukuwo wevarume une mativi matatu kana kuti denderedzwa.
Mandibles ane simba, bumblebee inokwanisa kutsenga nepakati pemiti yemiti iyo inoshandisa kugadzira matendere.
Maziso haana vhudzi, akaiswa mumutsara wakatwasuka, antennae echirume akareba zvishoma pane evakadzi.
Bumblebees vane proboscis refu inovabvumira kuunganidza nekita kubva muzvirimwa zvine corolla yakadzika.
Dumbu ravo harina kukotama kumusoro; pakupera kwayo, vakadzi uye vanoshanda bumblebees vane rumborera muchimiro tsono, pasina notches. Bumblebee inobaya mhuka, uye nyuchi inoikwevera kumashure.
Chipembenene chine makumbo matatu, vakadzi vane "tswanda" pamakumbo avo ekuunganidza pollen.
Muviri wavo wakafukidzwa nemvere dzinobatsira kapembenene kudzora tembiricha yomuviri wacho uye mukume wakawanda unonamatira pachiri. Muviri webumblebee wakakora uye unorema, mapapiro acho akajeka, madiki, ane mahafu maviri.
Iyo bumblebee inogadzira 400 sitiroko pasekondi, hafu yemapapiro inofamba zvakangofanana, uye inogona kusvika pakumhanya kwemamita 3-4 pasekondi.
Power supply
Zvipembenene zvinodya nekita nemukume, izvo zvinounganidzwa kubva mumhando dzakasiyana dzemiti. Bumblebees dzinoshandisa nekita neuchi kudyisa makonye adzo. Mukuumbwa kwayo, huchi hwebumblebee hwakasiyana nehuchi hwenyuchi, asi hunobatsira zvikuru, kunyange zvazvo husina kukora uye husina kutapira uye hunonhuhwirira.
Mhando dzakawanda dzebumblebees
Bumblebees dzinogara munzvimbo dzakasiyana uye dzinosiyana muhukuru uye ruvara rwemuviri. Kazhinji kune mhando dzakadaro:
- nyika bumblebee;
- dombo;
- meadow;
- urban;
- garden;
- munda;
- burrow;
- reddish bumblebee;
- sirivha;
- moss;
- bumblebee carpenter;
- cuckoo bumblebees.
Ko nyuchi dzinogara kupi
Bumblebees vanokwanisa kurarama munzvimbo dzinotonhora, uye munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya kuoma kuti vararame nekuda kwehunhu hwe thermoregulation yavo. Tembiricha yemuviri webumblebee inogona kukwira kusvika +40 madhigirii, nekuda kwekuti inokurumidza kubata tsandanyama dzepectoral, asi mapapiro haafambi.
Uku ndiko kunobva ruzha rukuru. Kana ichirira, zvinoreva kuti inodziya.
Zvipembenene izvi zvinowanikwa mune zvakasikwa pamakondinendi ese kunze kweAntarctica. Mamwe marudzi emabumblebees anogara mhiri kweArctic Circle, muChukotka, Alaska, neGreenland. Vanogonawo kuwanikwa:
- muAsia;
- South America;
- Africa;
- Ositireriya;
- Nyuzirendi;
- England.
bumblebee nest
Nest pamusoro pevhu.
Zvipembenene zvinovaka dzimba dzavo dzekugara pasi pevhu, pasi kana kunyange pachikomo. Kana nyuchi dzichigara pedyo nevanhu, dzinogona kuvaka matendere adzo pasi pedenga remba, muimba yeshiri, mugomba.
Dendere rinowanzoita sedenderedzwa, asi zvinoenderana negomba rariri. Bumblebees vanoivaka kubva pauswa hwakaoma, mashanga uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakaoma, vachizvisunga nenamo, iyo inovanzwa kubva kune yakakosha glands padumbu.
Kubereka
Bumblebees zvipembenene zvemhuri.
Mhuri yebumblebee inoumbwa namambokadzi, varume uye vashandi bumblebees. Kana chimwe chinhu chikaitika kuna mambokadzi, madzimai anoshanda anogonawo kukandira mazai.
Mhuri inorarama mwaka mumwe chete, kubva muchirimo kusvika kumatsutso. Inogona kuva nevanhu 100-200, dzimwe nguva inogona kuva yakakura kwazvo - kusvika ku500 vanhu. Dzimwe mhando dzenyuchi dzinogona kupa zvizvarwa zviviri, idzi ndidzo meadow bumblebee uye Bombus jonellus, inogara kumaodzanyemba kweNorway. Bombus atratus inogara muAmazon River basin, mhuri dzayo dzinogona kuvapo kwemakore akati wandei.
Mudendere rebumblebees, mabasa anogoverwa pakati pemitezo yemhuri:
- chibereko chinokandira mazai;
- mushandi bumblebees, ayo ari maduku muhukuru, chengetedza maruva, gadzirisa mukati medendere uye uchengetedze;
- vanhu vakuru vanobhururuka vachitsvaga chikafu uye kugadzirisa pekugara kubva kunze;
- hono dzinodiwa kuti dziberekese hadzi, dzinobhururuka dzichibuda mudendere uye hadzidzokeri kwairi.
Kutenderera kwehupenyu
Bumblebee kukura matanho:
- evha;
- larva;
- chrysalis;
- mukuru (mukuru).
Pakupera kwezhizha, mambokadzi anoisa mazai, kubva kune varume nevakadzi vaduku vachaonekwa, izvo varume vanofudza. Hadzi idzi dzichapona muchando uye dzichabereka chizvarwa chitsva gore rinotevera.
Chii chinobatsira bumblebees
Bumblebee inotakura mukume zvakanakisa.
Mabumblebees anomeresa zvirimwa zvakasiyana, anobhururuka kubva kuruva kuenda kuruva nekukurumidza kupfuura nyuchi uye nekumwe zvirimwa zvakawanda. Dzinobhururukawo kunze kunze kunotonhorera, apo nyuchi hadzisi kubva mumukoko.
Munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yakadzikira zvakanyanya husiku, nyuchi dzinorira zvine ruzha kusati kwaedza. Asi kwenguva yakareba zvakatendwa kuti nenzira iyi nyuchi dzinopinda kushanda mangwanani uye kudana shamwari dzavo kwairi. Kutaura zvazviri, uku ndiko kupisa kwavanoita.
bumblebee inoruma
Mabumblebees haana hasha, haatange arwisa. Hadzi chete ndidzo dzine rumborera uye dzinogona kuruma chete padzinodzivirira dendere radzo, kana padzinenge dziri munjodzi. Kutsvuka, kuchenesa kunowanzoonekwa panzvimbo yekurumwa, uye inonyangarika mukati memazuva 1-2. Uye kuvanhu vazhinji, kuruma hakuna ngozi.
Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, allergic reaction inoitika.
Vavengi vebumblebees
Iwo anotyisa ane mvere bumblebees ane akati wandei vavengi vanogona kuvavhima.
- Masvosve anokonzera kukuvadza kukuru kune bumblebees, anodya uchi, anoba mazai nemhou.
- Mamwe marudzi emawisi anoba huchi achidya magonye.
- Canopy inobhururuka panhunzi inonamira zai kune bumblebee, kubva pairi chiso chidiki chinooneka, uye inodya iyo yakaringana.
- Mbeu dzebumblebees dzinoparadzwa negonye rebutterfly rinonzi amophia.
- Shiri yegoridhe inodya nyuchi inonanzva nyuchi dziri kutora muto.
- Makava, hedgehogs uye imbwa dzichaparadza matendere.
- Cuckoo bumblebees vanokwira mumatendere ehama dzavo uye vanovakuvadza.
Inonakidza Bumblebee Chokwadi
- Kuti apedze nguva yechando, mukadzi anochera mink uye anovanza mairi, asi zvino anokanganwa pamusoro pekukwanisa uku uye muchirimo anoshandisa makomba akagadzirira muvhu kune dendere rake.
- Mabumblebees anoberekerwa mumapurazi akakosha. Anoshandiswa mukumesa dzimwe mhando dzembesa dzakaita sema legume ne clover.
Bumblebees ipollinator.
- Vamwe vanoita zvekutamba vanoberekesa nyuchi uye vanotora huchi, hune hutano kupfuura huchi hwenyuchi.
- Mangwanani, nyuchi yehwamanda inooneka mudendere, iyo inorira zvakasimba. Vamwe vakafunga kuti iyi ndiyo nzira yaanomutsa nayo mhuri, asi gare gare zvakazoitika kuti mangwanani mhepo inotonhora uye bumblebee inoedza kudziya nekushanda zvakasimba nemisungo yepectoral.
- Pakutanga, zvaitendwa kuti maererano nemitemo yeaerodynamics, bumblebee haifaniri kubhururuka. Asi imwe nyanzvi yefizikisi kubva kuU.SA yakaratidza kuti bumblebee haibhururuke zvinopesana nemitemo yefizikisi.
Bumblebee huwandu
Zvakaonekwa kuti mumakore achangopfuura huwandu hwenyuchi hwakadzikira. Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zveizvi:
- Kushandisa zvipembenene zvisina kunaka, kunyanya panguva yemaruva.
- Pakuvaka dendere, nyuchi dzinowanzobhururuka dzichipinda munzvimbo, hadzigone kubuda kana kufa.
- Vanhu pachavo vanoderedza huwandu hwevanhu apo nharaunda ine zvipembenene inova ine ngozi kana kusagadzikana.
mhedziso
Bumblebees zvipembenene zvinobatsira zvinosvibisa zvirimwa zvakasiyana. Kune marudzi anenge 300 azvo, akasiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe muhukuru uye maronda pamuviri. Vanogara muAmazon uye mhiri kweArctic Circle.
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