Mibhedha kana Hemiptera order: zvipembenene zvinogona kuwanikwa zvose musango uye pamubhedha
Kurongeka kweHemiptera kune marudzi anopfuura zana ezviuru zvezvipembenene. Kare, tsikidzi chete dzakatumirwa kwavari, zvino vamwe vamiririri vanosanganisirwawo. Zvose zvavo zvinosiyaniswa nezvimwe zvinhu zvekunze uye proboscis yakabatanidzwa. Yekupedzisira iboora-inosveta midziyo yemumuromo yebug yekubaya magoko epamusoro nekusveta mvura inovaka muviri.
Zviri mukati
Tsanangudzo yakazara yechikwata
Hemiptera zvipembenene zvepanyika kana zvemumvura zvine metamorphosis isina kukwana, ine basa rakakosha rakakurumbira nekusiyana kwayo. Pakati pavo pane mycophages uye zvipembenene zvemhuka dzine ropa rinodziya, herbivores uye zvikara, zvipembenene zvekurima uye masango. Vanogona kugara mumambure nemambure emby, pakadzika uye pamusoro pemvura. Chinhu chimwe chete icho vamiririri vechikwata hachikwanisi kukwira mukati memiti yehuni uye parasitize mumitumbi yezvipenyu.
Chimiro chekunze chezvipembenene
Zvipembenene izvi, sekutonga, zvine ruvara rwakajeka rwakasanganiswa, muviri wakadzikama kubva pa1 kusvika ku15 cm kureba, uye antennae ane 3-5 zvikamu. Mazhinji ane maviri maviri emapapiro anopeta akati sandara pakuzorora. Mapapiro anoshandurwa kuita semi-elytra, kazhinji asipo zvachose. Mitezo yacho inowanzofamba mhando, uye muvanhu vemumvura - kushambira uye kubata.
Chimiro chemukati cheHemiptera
Vamwe vanhu vanogona kudada nemudziyo wezwi, kunyanya wakagadzirwa mumacicadas. Vane makomba anokosha anoshanda seresonator. Zvimwe zvipembenene zvacho zvinobudisa ruzha nokukwesha simbi yadzo pamakumbo kana pazamu.
Kudya kweHemiptera
Zvipembenene zvinodya zvakanyanya paropa, zvigadzirwa zvezvirimwa, organic debris uye hemolymph.
Vazhinji vamiriri vehurongwa vanozivikanwa nekudya sero muto uye zvikamu zvemaruva zvinomera, zviyo, uye miti yemichero. Dzimwe mhuka dzinosveta muto wehowa nemafern neproboscis yadzo.
Vamwe vanhu vanosarudza zvipembenene zvidiki nemakonye avo. Kuzasi kweshaya dzehemipterans kune zvitaera zvine mazino zvinocheka nekukwenya matishu emhuka. Mhuka dzemvura dzinobata hove dzehove netadpoles.
Mararamiro ezvipembenene
Pakati pemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, kune vamiririri vane mararamiro akazaruka uye akavanzika, vanogara pasi pemuti wemuti, matombo, muvhu, nezvimwewo. Semuyenzaniso, nhamba huru yevakadzi veSternorrhyncha inotungamira hupenyu hwekugara, hwakabatana nechirimwa chinotambira. Kune zvakare akawanda echigarire kana chenguva pfupi maparasite mudhipatimendi, kurumwa kwacho kunogona kurwadza uye kukuvadza.
| Commensalism uye inquilinism | Inquilines uye commensals anowanikwa mumapoka akasiyana ehemipterans. Vamwe vanogarisana mukubatana nemajuru nemasvosve, vamwe vanogara mumubatanidzwa unosungirwa nemajuru. Vamiriri veEmbiophilinae vanogara mumambure emby, uye vanhu vePlokiphilinae vanogara mumambure edandemutande. |
|---|---|
| Hupenyu hwepamusoro pemvura | Hemiptera, iyo inonzwa zvakanaka pamusoro pemvura, inoshandisa michina yakakosha muchimiro chemuviri usina kunyorova uye paws. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvipembenene zvinobva kumhuri yechamupupuri uye infra-order Gerromorpha. |
| Mararamiro emumvura | Mapoka akawanda ezvipembenene anogara mumvura, kusanganisira: zvinyavada zvemvura, Nepidae, Aphelocheiridae nevamwe. |
Iyo hemiptera inobereka sei uye inokura sei
Kuberekana muzvipembenene izvi kunoitika nenzira dzakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, kuberekwa mhenyu, heterogony, polymorphism uye parthenogenesis inoitwa pakati peaphid. Ntsikidzi hadzigoni kuzvitutumadza nekubereka kwakanyanya. Madzimai avo anokandira mazai anosvika mazana maviri ane chivharo pamagumo, panobva pabuda gonye rakafanana nemunhu mukuru. Zvisinei, kunewo marudzi anobereka vana paari. Kukura kwegonye kunopfuurira mumatanho mashanu. Uyezve, nguva yekushandurwa kuita chipembenene chakura inosiyana kubva pamazuva gumi nemana kusvika kumwedzi makumi maviri nemina.
Habitat yeHemiptera
Vamiriri vedetachment vakaparadzirwa pasi rose. Zvipembenene zvakawanda zviri kuSouth America. Ikoko ndiko uko mikuru mikuru inorarama.
Mhando dzezvipembenene zvakajairika kubva kuhurongwa hweHemiptera
Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa semi-coleoptera ndeiyi: tsikidzi (mvura inofambisa, smoothies, belostomy, tsikidzi dzinonhuwa, zvikara, tsikidzi, nezvimwewo), cicadas (pennitsy, humpbacks, lantern, etc.), aphid.
Zvakanakira uye kukuvadza kweHemiptera kuvanhu
Kuvanhu, tsikidzi ndidzo dzine ngozi zvikuru. Zvipembenene zvinogara mumasikirwo zvinokuvadza zvinomera, asi pakati pazvo panewo mhuka dzinodya dzinobatsira dzinochengetwa kuitira kuchengetedza goho. Aya ndiwo: podizus, macrolofus, pikromerus, perillus uye bug-musoja.
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