Muviri wedandemutande unosanganisirei ne: mukati nekunze chimiro
Dandemutande vanogara vavakidzani vevanhu muzvisikwa uye kumba. Vanotarisa kutyisa nekuda kwenhamba huru yemakumbo. Pasinei nekusiyana kwekunze pakati pezvipenyu nevamiririri, anatomy ye spider uye chimiro chekunze chinogara chakafanana.
Zviri mukati
Spider: general maitiro
Chimiro chekunze chemhungu.
Spider vamiririri vehurongwa hwe arthropods. Mitezo yavo yakagadzirwa nezvikamu, uye muviri wakafukidzwa nechitin. Kukura kwavo kunodzorwa nekunyungudika, shanduko mune chitinous shell.
Spider inhengo dzakakosha dze biosphere. Vanodya zvishoma zvipembenene uye nokudaro kudzora kuwanda kwavo. Zvinenge zvese zvikara zvinogara pasi, kunze kwerudzi rumwe chete.
Chimiro chekunze
Mamiriro emuviri wemadandemutande akafanana. Kusiyana nezvipembenene, havana mapapiro kana antennae. Uye vane zvimiro zvezvimiro zvinosiyana - kugona kugadzira dandemutande.
Muviri
Muviri wedandemutande wakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri - cephalothorax uye dumbu. Kune zvakare 8 kufamba makumbo. Kune nhengo dzinokubvumira kutora chikafu, chelicerae kana shaya dzemuromo. Pedipalps dzimwe nhengo dzinobatsira kubata mhuka.
cephalothorax
Iyo cephalothorax kana prosoma ine mativi akati wandei. Kune nzvimbo mbiri huru - dorsal shell uye sternum. Appendages akabatanidzwa kune ichi chikamu. Kunewo maziso, chelicerae, pane cephalothorax.
makumbo
Mhungu dzine mapeya mana emakumbo ekufamba. Vanosanganisira nhengo, idzo dziri nomwe. Iwo akafukidzwa nebristles, idzo nhengo dzinotora kunhuwa uye ruzha. Dzinoitawo kumhepo dzemhepo uye kudengenyeka. Pamuromo wemhuru pane nzwara, dzobva dzaenda:
- basin;
- pfira;
- hudyu;
- patella;
- tibia;
- metatarsus;
- tarso.
Pedipalps
Mitezo yedandemutande.
Nhengo dze pedipalp dzinosanganisira zvikamu zvitanhatu, hazvina metatarsus. Ivo vari pamberi pekutanga kwemakumbo ekufamba. Vane nhamba huru yema detectors anoita sekuravira nekunhuwa zvinoziva.
Vanhurume vanoshandisa nhengo idzi kusangana nevakadzi. Ivo, nerubatsiro rwetarsus, iyo inoshanduka zvishoma panguva yekukura, inofambisa kudengenyeka kuburikidza newebhu kune vakadzi.
chelicerae
Dzinonzi shaya, nekuti mitezo iyi inoita basa remuromo chairo. Asi muna dandemutande musisina chinhu, Anobaya nawo uturu pamhuka yake.
Eyes
Zvichienderana nerudzi ziso inogona kubva pa2 kusvika ku8 zvidimbu. Mhungu dzine maonero akasiyana, mamwe anosiyanisa kunyange zvidiki zvidiki uye mafambiro, nepo mazhinji achiona zviri pakati nepakati, uye achivimba zvakanyanya nekudedera nemanzwi. Kune zvipenyu, kunyanya dandemutande remubako, rakaderedza zvachose nhengo dzekuona.
Peduncle
Pane chimwe chimiro chedandemutande - gumbo rakatetepa, rinochinjika rinobatanidza cephalothorax uye dumbu. Inopa kufamba kwakanaka kwezvikamu zvemuviri zvakasiyana.
Kana dandemutande richikwenya dandemutande, rinongofambisa dumbu rayo, ukuwo cephalothorax inoramba iripo. Saizvozvowo, pane zvinopesana, mitezo inogona kufamba, uye dumbu rinoramba rakazorora.
Upenyu
"Pasi" yedandemutande.
Iye iopisthosoma, ine mapete akawanda uye buri remapapu. Kudivi remukati kune nhengo, spinnerets, idzo dzinoita basa rekuruka sirika.
Chimiro chacho chakanyanya oval, asi zvichienderana nerudzi rwedandemutande, inogona kurebesa kana angular. Kuvhura kwesikarudzi kuri kuzasi kuzasi.
Exoskeleton
Iyo ine dense chitin, iyo, sezvainokura, haina kutambanudza, asi inodururwa. Pasi peganda rekare, imwe itsva inoumbwa, uye spider panguva ino inomisa basa rayo uye inorega kudya.
Iyo nzira yekunyungudutsa inoitika kakawanda mukati mehupenyu hwedandemutande. Vamwe vanhu vane 5 chete vavo, asi kune avo vanoenda kuburikidza ne8-10 nhanho dzekuchinja kwegoko. Kana iyo exoskeleton yakatsemuka kana kubvaruka, kana kukuvadzwa nemichina, mhuka inotambura uye inogona kufa.
Nhengo dzomukati
Nhengo dzomukati dzinosanganisira nzira dzekudya uye dzinobuda kunze. Izvi zvinosanganisirawo circulatory, kufema uye central nerve system.
The circulatory system yakavharwa. Panzvimbo yeropa, muviri unozadzwa negeolymph, iyo inotenderera kuburikidza nenhengo nerubatsiro rwetsinga. Mvura iyi ine ruvara rutsvuku zvishoma, iyo inopiwa nehemocyanin, puroteni ine mhangura.
Mwoyo ichubhu imwe yakasimba, isina makamuri kana mativi. Inowanikwa pamusoro pematumbo, mukati mepakati pemukati wedumbu remudumbu.
Nzira yekufema inogona kusiyana nemhando dzedandemutande. Vanogona kuva nemapapu maviri emapapu kana tracheas. Kune izvo zvakakamurwa, chikamu chepamberi chine chiedza, uye kumashure kunoshandurwa kuita trachea.
Kugayiwa kunonzi kunze. Mhungu haigaye chikafu mukati, asi inodya muto wakanyungudika. Mhungu inovhima munhu wacho, nerubatsiro rwekurwisa kana mambure, inopinza chepfu mairi. Zvinowanzotora maawa akawanda kuti mushonga wekudya unowanikwa kubva mukati mezvipembenene.
Pane tsinga inokosha mu cephalothorax, iyo inogona kutora kusvika ku40% yehuwandu hwehuwandu. Nhamba huru yehuropi hunobva pairi, iyo inosiyana munhengo dzose, kusvika kumazano emakumbo.
Kubereka
Mhuka dzinonzi dioecious mhuka. Nhengo dzavo dzekubereka dziri pazasi pedumbu. Kubva ipapo, varume vanotora urume muma bulbs ari kumagumo epedipalps voendesa kunhengo yesikarudzi yemukadzi.
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, spider is sex dimorphic. Varume vanowanzove vadiki pane vakadzi, asi vane mavara akajeka. Dzinonyanya kufarira kupfuya, nepo hadzi dzinowanzorwisa vatsigiri vasati, mushure uye panguva yekusangana.
Kupfimbana kwemamwe marudzi emadandemutande imhando yakasiyana yeunyanzvi. Somuenzaniso, zviduku peacock spider akatanga kutamba kwese kunoratidza hadzi vavariro dzake.
mhedziso
Mamiriro akaita dandemutande chinhu chakaoma kunzwisisa chinonyatsofungwa. Inopa kuvapo nezvokudya zvakakwana uye kubereka kwakafanira. Mhuka inotora nzvimbo yayo mucheni yezvokudya, ichibatsira vanhu.
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